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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized human-AI interaction by enabling intuitive task execution through natural language prompts. Despite their potential, designing effective prompts remains a significant challenge, as small…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yuetian Mao , Junjie He , Chunyang Chen

LLMs are being set loose in complex, real-world environments involving sequential decision-making and tool use. Often, this involves making choices on behalf of human users. However, not much is known about the distribution of such choices,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Manuel Cherep , Pattie Maes , Nikhil Singh

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into systems that browse, retrieve, summarize, and act on web content, webpages have become an untrusted input vector for downstream model behavior. This enables site owners, contributors, and adversaries…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Soheil Khodayari , Xuenan Zhang , Bhupendra Acharya , Giancarlo Pellegrino

The performance of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is often sensitive to nuances in prompt templates, requiring careful prompt engineering, adding costs in terms of computing and human effort. In this study, we present experiments…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Liang Cheng , Tianyi LI , Zhaowei Wang , Mark Steedman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by automating traditional labor-intensive tasks and consequently accelerated the development of computer-aided applications. As researchers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Summra Saleem , Muhammad Nabeel Asim , Shaista Zulfiqar , Andreas Dengel

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

When using LLMs to rank items based on given criteria, or evaluate answers, the order of candidate items can influence the model's final decision. This sensitivity to item positioning in a LLM's prompt is known as position bias. Prior…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Ali Vardasbi , Gustavo Penha , Claudia Hauff , Hugues Bouchard

Current Earth observation benchmarks focus on measuring performance on diverse tasks and applications, typically measuring generalization in-distribution. But when models are deployed, they must generalize to myriad out-of-distribution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Kelsey Doerksen , Hannah Kerner

Researchers are increasingly using language models (LMs) for text annotation. These approaches rely only on a prompt telling the model to return a given output according to a set of instructions. The reproducibility of LM outputs may…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Christopher Barrie , Elli Palaiologou , Petter Törnberg

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) aims to disaggregate total electricity consumption into individual appliance usage, thus enabling more effective energy management. While deep learning has advanced NILM, it remains limited by its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Junyu Xue , Xudong Wang , Xiaoling He , Shicheng Liu , Yi Wang , Guoming Tang

Prompt underspecification is a common challenge when interacting with LLMs. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of this problem, showing that while LLMs can often infer unspecified requirements by default (41.1%), such behavior…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Chenyang Yang , Yike Shi , Qianou Ma , Michael Xieyang Liu , Christian Kästner , Tongshuang Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

The growing adoption of prompt-based automation in software testing raises important issues regarding its computational and environmental sustainability. Existing sustainability studies in AI-driven testing primarily focus on large language…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Pragati Kumari , Novarun Deb

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automate software engineering tasks, including the generation of UML class diagrams from natural language descriptions. While prior work demonstrates that LLMs can produce…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Rabia Iftikhar , Andreas Rausch

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by software engineers for code generation. However, limitations of LLMs such as irrelevant or incorrect code have highlighted the need for prompt programming (or prompt engineering) where…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Ranim Khojah , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner

Synthetic data has become a cornerstone for scaling large language models, yet its multilingual use remains bottlenecked by translation-based prompts. This strategy inherits English-centric framing and style and neglects cultural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 David Mora , Viraat Aryabumi , Wei-Yin Ko , Sara Hooker , Julia Kreutzer , Marzieh Fadaee

Calibration, the alignment between model confidence and prediction accuracy, is critical for the reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs). Existing works neglect to measure the generalization of their methods to other prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Yuxi Xia , Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Klim Zaporojets , Benjamin Roth

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) have been successfully applied to resource allocation problems in a variety of settings, including public health. With the rapid development of powerful large language models (LLMs), they are…