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Large language models (LLMs) often require fine-tuning (FT) to perform well on downstream tasks, but FT can induce safety-alignment drift even when the training dataset contains only benign data. Prior work shows that introducing a small…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Guoli Wang , Haonan Shi , Tu Ouyang , An Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on custom datasets has become a standard approach for adapting these models to specific domains and applications. However, recent studies have shown that such fine-tuning can lead to significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yanping Li , Zhening Liu , Zijian Li , Zehong Lin , Jun Zhang

Fine-tuning a general-purpose large language model (LLM) for a specific domain or task has become a routine procedure for ordinary users. However, fine-tuning is known to remove the safety alignment features of the model, even when the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Svetlana Kiritchenko

The safety alignment of current Large Language Models (LLMs) is vulnerable. Relatively simple attacks, or even benign fine-tuning, can jailbreak aligned models. We argue that many of these vulnerabilities are related to a shared underlying…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Xiangyu Qi , Ashwinee Panda , Kaifeng Lyu , Xiao Ma , Subhrajit Roy , Ahmad Beirami , Prateek Mittal , Peter Henderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively used across diverse domains, including virtual assistants, automated code generation, and scientific research. However, they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which manipulate the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Haoran Gu , Handing Wang , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang , Yaochu Jin

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on additional datasets is often necessary to optimize them for specific downstream tasks. However, existing safety alignment measures, which restrict harmful behavior during inference, are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Minjun Zhu , Linyi Yang , Yifan Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Yue Zhang

Although large language models (LLMs) achieve effective safety alignment at the time of release, they still face various safety challenges. A key issue is that fine-tuning often compromises the safety alignment of LLMs. To address this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Di Wu , Xin Lu , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin

Instruction fine-tuning has emerged as a critical technique for customizing Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific applications. However, recent studies have highlighted significant security vulnerabilities in fine-tuned LLMs. Existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Jiawei Cao , Ming Ma , Danyang Zhao , Shuren Qi , Fenglei Fan , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities that render them valuable in different applications, including conversational AI products. It is paramount to ensure the security and reliability of these products by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Melissa Kazemi Rad , Huy Nghiem , Andy Luo , Sahil Wadhwa , Mohammad Sorower , Stephen Rawls

Finetuning large language models (LLMs) enables user-specific customization but introduces critical safety risks: even a few harmful examples can compromise safety alignment. A common mitigation strategy is to update the model more strongly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 ShengYun Peng , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianfeng Chi , Seongmin Lee , Duen Horng Chau

As advancements in large language models (LLMs) continue and the demand for personalized models increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods (e.g., LoRA) will become essential due to their efficiency in reducing computation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-06 Mingjie Li , Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Yisen Wang

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their adoption across a wide range of tasks, ranging from code generation to machine translation and sentiment analysis, etc. Red teaming/Safety alignment efforts show that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Essa Jan , Nouar AlDahoul , Moiz Ali , Faizan Ahmad , Fareed Zaffar , Yasir Zaki

Optimizing large language models (LLMs) for downstream use cases often involves the customization of pre-trained LLMs through further fine-tuning. Meta's open release of Llama models and OpenAI's APIs for fine-tuning GPT-3.5 Turbo on custom…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-06 Xiangyu Qi , Yi Zeng , Tinghao Xie , Pin-Yu Chen , Ruoxi Jia , Prateek Mittal , Peter Henderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned for safety during the post-training phase; however, they may still generate inappropriate outputs that could potentially pose risks to users. This challenge underscores the need for robust…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Mahesh Kumar Nandwana , Youngwan Lim , Joseph Liu , Alex Yang , Varun Notibala , Nishchaie Khanna

Instruction-following language models are trained to be helpful and safe, yet their safety behavior can deteriorate under benign fine-tuning and worsen under adversarial updates. Existing defenses often offer limited protection or force a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jyotin Goel , Souvik Maji , Pratik Mazumder

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks but often generate harmful responses to malicious user queries. This paper investigates the underlying cause of these safety risks and shows that the issue…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Yeonjun In , Wonjoong Kim , Sangwu Park , Chanyoung Park

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

Safety alignment is essential for the responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). Yet, existing approaches often rely on heavyweight fine-tuning that is costly to update, audit, and maintain across model families. Full…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Sasha Behrouzi , Lichao Wu , Mohamadreza Rostami , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

Current methods for content safety in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), often rely on multi-stage training pipelines and lack fine-grained,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jianfeng Si , Lin Sun , Zhewen Tan , Xiangzheng Zhang
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