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In batch reinforcement learning (RL), one often constrains a learned policy to be close to the behavior (data-generating) policy, e.g., by constraining the learned action distribution to differ from the behavior policy by some maximum…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-31 Sungryull Sohn , Yinlam Chow , Jayden Ooi , Ofir Nachum , Honglak Lee , Ed Chi , Craig Boutilier

In sequence generation task, many works use policy gradient for model optimization to tackle the intractable backpropagation issue when maximizing the non-differentiable evaluation metrics or fooling the discriminator in adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-08-27 Yi-Lin Tuan , Jinzhi Zhang , Yujia Li , Hung-yi Lee

Reinforcement learning is widely used to improve the reasoning ability of large language models, especially when answers can be automatically checked. Standard GRPO-style training updates the model using only the current step, while full…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Ismam Nur Swapnil , Aranya Saha , Tanvir Ahmed Khan , Mohammad Ariful Haque , Ser-Nam Lim

Model-based algorithms, which learn a dynamics model from logged experience and perform some sort of pessimistic planning under the learned model, have emerged as a promising paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (offline RL).…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-28 Tianhe Yu , Aviral Kumar , Rafael Rafailov , Aravind Rajeswaran , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

We consider the problem of offline reinforcement learning with model-based control, whose goal is to learn a dynamics model from the experience replay and obtain a pessimism-oriented agent under the learned model. Current model-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-16 Ruizhen Liu , Dazhi Zhong , Zhicong Chen

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn decision policies from a fixed batch of logged transitions, without additional environment interaction. Despite remarkable empirical progress, offline RL remains fragile under distribution…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-16 Debashis Chatterjee

We consider the problem of offline reinforcement learning (RL) -- a well-motivated setting of RL that aims at policy optimization using only historical data. Despite its wide applicability, theoretical understandings of offline RL, such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-04 Ming Yin , Yu Bai , Yu-Xiang Wang

Instruction-guided image editing requires balancing target modification with non-target preservation. Recently, flow-based models have emerged as a strong and increasingly adopted backbone for instruction-guided image editing, thanks to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Zhuohan Ouyang , Zhe Qian , Wenhuo Cui , Chaoqun Wang

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a key paradigm for aligning policies with human judgments, yet its theoretical behavior in distributed settings where preference data are fragmented across heterogeneous users remains poorly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Zhanhong Jiang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) can learn optimal policies from pre-collected offline datasets without interacting with the environment, but the sampled actions of the agent cannot often cover the action distribution under a given…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Xuemin Hu , Shen Li , Yingfen Xu , Bo Tang , Long Chen

Classical on-policy algorithms such as PPO and mirror descent policy optimization provide stable proximal policy updates through tractable action likelihoods, but are typically instantiated with simple Gaussian policies whose expressiveness…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yuehu Gong , Zeyuan Wang , Yulin Chen , Shutong Ding , Qingyuan Zhou , Yanwei Fu

On-policy reinforcement learning (RL), particularly Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has become the dominant paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). While policy ratio clipping…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Yu Luo , Shuo Han , Yihan Hu , Dong Li , Jianye Hao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) learns effective policies from pre-collected datasets, offering a practical solution for applications where online interactions are risky or costly. Model-based approaches are particularly advantageous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Xuyang Chen , Keyu Yan , Guojian Wang , Lin Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning has been able to solve various tasks successfully, however, due to the construction of policy gradient and training dynamics, tuning deep reinforcement learning models remains challenging. As one of the most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Hanyong Wang , Menglong Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays an increasingly important role in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet stable and performant policy optimization remains challenging. Token-level importance ratios often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Chang Gao , Chujie Zheng , Xiong-Hui Chen , Kai Dang , Shixuan Liu , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Shuai Bai , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been employed for improving generative image super-resolution (ISR) performance. However, the current efforts are focused on multi-step generative ISR, while one-step generative ISR remains…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Qiaosi Yi , Shuai Li , Rongyuan Wu , Lingchen Sun , Zhengqiang Zhang , Lei Zhang

Post-training with reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown strong promise for advancing multimodal agents beyond supervised imitation. However, RL remains limited by poor data efficiency, particularly in settings where interaction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Chengxuan Lu , Zhenquan Zhang , Shukuan Wang , Qunzhi Lin , Baigui Sun , Yang Liu

Contrastive reinforcement learning (CRL) learns goal-conditioned Q-values through a contrastive objective over state-action and goal representations, removing the need for hand-crafted reward functions. Despite impressive success in…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find optimal policies in dynamic environments in order to maximize the expected total rewards by leveraging pre-collected data. Learning from heterogeneous data is one of the fundamental…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-10 Rui Miao , Babak Shahbaba , Annie Qu