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Neural ranking models (NRMs) have shown remarkable success in recent years, especially with pre-trained language models. However, deep neural models are notorious for their vulnerability to adversarial examples. Adversarial attacks may…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-06-09 Chen Wu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models face an emerging and critical threat known as latency attacks. Because LLM inference is inherently expensive, even modest slowdowns can translate into substantial operating costs and severe availability risks.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Tianyi Wang , Huawei Fan , Yuanchao Shu , Peng Cheng , Cong Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) cascade systems are designed to balance efficiency and performance by processing queries with lightweight models while selectively escalating complex cases to more powerful ones. Such systems seek to reduces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zehan Sun , Dingfan Chen , Songze Li

Reasoning language models perform well on complex tasks but are costly to deploy due to their size and long reasoning traces. We propose a routing approach that assigns each problem to the smallest model likely to solve it, reducing compute…

The rapid emergence of diverse large language models (LLMs) has spurred the development of LLM routers that assign user queries to the most suitable model. However, existing LLM routers typically perform a single-round, one-to-one mapping…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Haozhen Zhang , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Safety alignment is critical for the responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). As Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are increasingly adopted to scale model capacity, understanding their safety robustness becomes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Zhiyuan Xu , Joseph Gardiner , Sana Belguith , Lichao Wu

An increasing number of systems have been proposed or deployed to the transit core of the Internet with the goal of observing and manipulating traffic in flight, systems we term Traffic Manipulating Boxes. Examples of these include: decoy…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2016-06-29 Max Schuchard , Nicholas Hopper

To circumvent the alignment of large language models (LLMs), current optimization-based adversarial attacks usually craft adversarial prompts by maximizing the likelihood of a so-called affirmative response. An affirmative response is a…

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exposed critical security and ethical vulnerabilities, particularly their susceptibility to adversarial manipulations. This paper introduces QROA, a novel black-box jailbreak method…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-08 Hussein Jawad , Yassine Chenik , Nicolas J. -B. Brunel

Recent advancements in multi-model AI systems have leveraged LLM routers to reduce computational cost while maintaining response quality by assigning queries to the most appropriate model. However, as classifiers, LLM routers are vulnerable…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Wenhui Zhang , Huiyu Xu , Zhibo Wang , Zhichao Li , Zeqing He , Xuelin Wei , Kui Ren

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on third-party API routers to dispatch tool-calling requests across multiple upstream providers. These routers operate as application-layer proxies with full plaintext access to every…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Hanzhi Liu , Chaofan Shou , Hongbo Wen , Yanju Chen , Ryan Jingyang Fang , Yu Feng

We study the problem of routing queries to large language models (LLMs) under cost, GPU resources, and concurrency constraints. Prior per-query routing methods often fail to control batch-level cost, especially under non-uniform or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Jelena Markovic-Voronov , Kayhan Behdin , Yuanda Xu , Zhengze Zhou , Zhipeng Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Recent research has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to automated jailbreak attacks, where adversarial suffixes crafted by algorithms appended to harmful queries bypass safety alignment and trigger unintended…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Chung-En Sun , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Tsui-Wei Weng , Hao Cheng , Aidan San , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao

Training robust deep learning models for down-stream tasks is a critical challenge. Research has shown that down-stream models can be easily fooled with adversarial inputs that look like the training data, but slightly perturbed, in a way…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-19 Mahmoud Hossam , Trung Le , He Zhao , Dinh Phung

Text-to-Image(T2I) models typically deploy safety filters to prevent the generation of sensitive images. Unfortunately, recent jailbreaking attack methods manually design instructions for the LLM to generate adversarial prompts, which…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Chenyu Zhang , Lanjun Wang , Yiwen Ma , Wenhui Li , An-An Liu

Large language models split into two families: reasoning-centric LLMs, which strengthen internal chain-of-thought reasoning but cannot invoke external tools, and agentic LLMs, which learn to interact with environments and leverage tools but…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. However, these models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks in which slight input perturbations can lead to harmful or misleading…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Minkyoung Kim , Yunha Kim , Hyeram Seo , Heejung Choi , Jiye Han , Gaeun Kee , Soyoung Ko , HyoJe Jung , Byeolhee Kim , Young-Hak Kim , Sanghyun Park , Tae Joon Jun

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated promising performance in complex tasks. However, the resource-consuming reasoning processes may be exploited by attackers to maliciously occupy the resources of the servers, leading to a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Zhenhao Zhu , Yue Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Yingwei Ma , Hongcheng Gao , Nuo Chen , Yanpei Guo , Wenjie Qu , Huiying Xu , Zifeng Kang , Xinzhong Zhu , Jiaheng Zhang

Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) improves LLM performance through layered collaboration, but its dense topology raises costs and latency. Existing methods employ LLM judges to filter responses, yet still require all models to perform inference…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a leading paradigm for scaling large language models through sparse, routing-based computation. However, this design introduces a new attack surface: the routing mechanism that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Zekun Fei , Zihao Wang , Weijie Liu , Ruiqi He , Jianing Geng , Zheli Liu , XiaoFeng Wang