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Human evaluation is increasingly critical for assessing large language models, capturing linguistic nuances, and reflecting user preferences more accurately than traditional automated metrics. However, the resource-intensive nature of this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in automated prompt optimization based on reinforcement learning (RL). This approach offers important advantages, such as generating interpretable prompts and being compatible with black-box…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-26 Dong-Ki Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Dongsub Shim , Honglak Lee

The increasing emphasis on privacy and data security has driven the adoption of federated learning, a decentralized approach to train machine learning models without sharing raw data. Prompt learning, which fine-tunes prompt embeddings of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Dongping Liao , Xitong Gao , Yabo Xu , Chengzhong Xu

Although prompt engineering is central to unlocking the full potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), crafting effective prompts remains a time-consuming trial-and-error process that relies on human intuition. This study investigates…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Francisca Lemos , Victor Alves , Filipa Ferraz

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and AI systems have led to a paradigm shift in the design and optimization of complex AI workflows. By integrating multiple components, compound AI systems have become increasingly adept…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Yu-Ang Lee , Guan-Ting Yi , Mei-Yi Liu , Jui-Chao Lu , Guan-Bo Yang , Yun-Nung Chen

Optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) performance requires well-crafted prompts, but manual prompt engineering is labor-intensive and often ineffective. Automated prompt optimization techniques address this challenge but the majority of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-20 Ximing Dong , Shaowei Wang , Dayi Lin , Ahmed E. Hassan

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

We propose a multitask pretraining approach ZeroPrompt for zero-shot generalization, focusing on task scaling and zero-shot prompting. While previous models are trained on only a few dozen tasks, we scale to 1,000 tasks for the first time…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Hanwei Xu , Yujun Chen , Yulun Du , Nan Shao , Yanggang Wang , Haiyu Li , Zhilin Yang

Boosting is an extremely successful idea, allowing one to combine multiple low accuracy classifiers into a much more accurate voting classifier. In this work, we present a new and surprisingly simple Boosting algorithm that obtains a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-02 Mikael Møller Høgsgaard , Kasper Green Larsen , Markus Engelund Mathiasen

Large language models (LLMs) have scaled up to unlock a wide range of complex reasoning tasks with the aid of various prompting methods. However, current prompting methods generate natural language intermediate steps to help reasoning,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yi Hu , Haotong Yang , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Well-designed prompts are crucial for enhancing Large language models' (LLMs) reasoning capabilities while aligning their outputs with task requirements across diverse domains. However, manually designed prompts require expertise and…

Prompt optimization methods have demonstrated significant effectiveness in aligning black-box large language models (LLMs). In parallel, inference scaling strategies such as Best-of-N Sampling and Majority Voting have likewise been shown to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Saaduddin Mahmud , Mason Nakamura , Kyle Hollins Wray , Shlomo Zilberstein

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) depends heavily on the chosen prompting strategy, yet static approaches such as Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, or Chain-of-Thought (CoT) impose a rigid efficiency-accuracy trade-off. Highly accurate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jiexi Xu

Sampling efficiency is a key bottleneck in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. Existing group-based policy optimization methods, such as GRPO, allocate a fixed number of rollouts for all training prompts. This uniform allocation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Hieu Trung Nguyen , Bao Nguyen , Wenao Ma , Yuzhi Zhao , Ruifeng She , Viet Anh Nguyen

Current literature demonstrates that Large Language Models (LLMs) are great few-shot learners, and prompting significantly increases their performance on a range of downstream tasks in a few-shot learning setting. An attempt to automate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-26 Yulin Zhou , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert Mullins , Yarin Gal

Prompt-based learning is susceptible to intrinsic bias present in pre-trained language models (LMs), leading to sub-optimal performance in prompt-based zero/few-shot settings. In this work, we propose a null-input prompting method to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Kang He , Yinghan Long , Kaushik Roy

Prompt-based classifiers are an attractive approach for zero-shot classification. However, the precise choice of the prompt template and label words can largely influence performance, with semantically equivalent settings often showing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Adian Liusie , Potsawee Manakul , Mark J. F. Gales

One of the most impressive results of recent NLP history is the ability of pre-trained language models to solve new tasks in a zero-shot setting. To achieve this, NLP tasks are framed as natural language prompts, generating a response…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-29 Chunting Zhou , Junxian He , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

In this paper, we rigorously study the problem of cost optimisation of hybrid (mixed) institutional incentives, which are a plan of actions involving the use of reward and punishment by an external decision-maker, for maximising the level…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2023-10-09 M. H. Duong , C. M. Durbac , T. A. Han

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le