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Large language models (LLMs) have evolved into autonomous agents that rely on open skill ecosystems (e.g., ClawHub and Skills.Rest), hosting numerous publicly reusable skills. Existing security research on these ecosystems mainly focuses on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Yukun Jiang , Yage Zhang , Michael Backes , Xinyue Shen , Yang Zhang

Agent skills extend large language model (LLM) agents with reusable, program-like modules that define triggering conditions, procedural logic, and tool interactions. As these skills proliferate in public marketplaces, it is unclear what…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 George Ling , Shanshan Zhong , Richard Huang

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agent ecosystems, centralized skill marketplaces have emerged as pivotal infrastructure for augmenting agent capabilities. However, these marketplaces face unprecedented security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zihan Guo , Zhiyu Chen , Xiaohang Nie , Jianghao Lin , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang

OpenClaw's ClawHub marketplace hosts tens of thousands of community-contributed agent skills (49,592 in our 2026-04-04 snapshot), and recent audits report that 13-26% contain security vulnerabilities. Regex scanners miss obfuscated…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Yinghan Hou , Zongyou Yang , Zaihu Pang , Xiujun Ma

Agent skills extend local AI agents, such as Claude Code or Open Claw, with additional functionality, and their popularity has led to the emergence of dedicated skill marketplaces, similar to app stores for mobile applications.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Florian Holzbauer , David Schmidt , Gabriel Gegenhuber , Sebastian Schrittwieser , Johanna Ullrich

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

We analyzed 3,984 AI agent skills from major marketplaces and found 76 confirmed malicious payloads, including credential theft, backdoor installation, and data exfiltration. 13.4% of all skills contain at least one critical-level security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Aleksei Kudrinskii , Marco Milanta , Kristian Bonde Nielsen , Hemang Sarkar , Liran Tal

Healthcare automation is shaped by local procedures and organizational constraints, so agent capabilities rarely transfer unchanged across settings. Agent skills, self-contained directories that package reusable procedures for AI agents,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Gelei Xu , Ningzhi Tang , Xueyang Li , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Zhi Zheng , Wei Jin , Yiyu Shi

Skills, i.e., structured workflow instructions distilled for large language models (LLMs), are becoming an increasingly important mechanism for improving agent performance on real-world downstream tasks. However, as the open-source skill…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jiahao Ying , Boxian Ai , Wei Tang , Siyuan Liu , Yixin Cao

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate productivity tasks (e.g., email, scheduling, document management), but evaluating them on live services is risky due to potentially irreversible changes. Existing…

Agent Skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge loaded into an LLM agent at inference time, are widely reported to improve task pass rates by an average of 16.2~percentage points across diverse domains. Yet the same benchmarks…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Samuel Jacob Chacko , James Hugglestone , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Xiuwen Liu

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on reusable skills: capability packages that combine instructions, control flow, constraints, and tool calls. In current agent systems, however, skills are still represented by text-heavy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Qiliang Liang , Hansi Wang , Zhong Liang , Yang Liu

Autonomous AI agents increasingly extend their capabilities through Agent Skills: modular filesystem packages whose SKILL.md files describe when and how agents should use them. While this design enables scalable, on-demand capability…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Shoumik Saha , Kazem Faghih , Soheil Feizi

The transition from monolithic language models to modular, skill-equipped agents marks a defining shift in how large language models (LLMs) are deployed in practice. Rather than encoding all procedural knowledge within model weights, agent…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Renjun Xu , Yang Yan

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on skills to package reusable capabilities through instructions, tools, and resources. High-quality skills embed expert knowledge, curated workflows, and execution constraints into agents,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Yu Liu , Chi Liu , Qingchuan Zhao , Hongwei Li , Guowen Xu

As LLM agents are increasingly deployed with large libraries of reusable skills, selecting the right skill for a user request has become a critical systems challenge. In small libraries, users may invoke skills explicitly by name, but this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Hongcheol Cho , Ryangkyung Kang , Youngeun Kim

Agent Skills are structured packages of procedural knowledge that augment LLM agents at inference time. Despite rapid adoption, there is no standard way to measure whether they actually help. We present SkillsBench, a benchmark of 86 tasks…

Agentic systems increasingly rely on reusable procedural capabilities, \textit{a.k.a., agentic skills}, to execute long-horizon workflows reliably. These capabilities are callable modules that package procedural knowledge with explicit…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Yanna Jiang , Delong Li , Haiyu Deng , Baihe Ma , Xu Wang , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin

Agent Skills package SKILL.md files, scripts, reference documents, and repository context into reusable capability units, turning pre-load auditing from single-prompt filtering into cross-file security review. Existing guardrails often flag…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Lijia Lv , Xuehai Tang , Jie Wen , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu
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