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Jailbreak attacks against large language models (LLMs) aim to induce harmful behaviors in LLMs through carefully crafted adversarial prompts. To mitigate attacks, one way is to perform adversarial training (AT)-based alignment, i.e.,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Shaopeng Fu , Liang Ding , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

Large language models (LLMs) can often be made to behave in undesirable ways that they are explicitly fine-tuned not to. For example, the LLM red-teaming literature has produced a wide variety of 'jailbreaking' techniques to elicit harmful…

Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Fan Liu , Zhao Xu , Hao Liu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

As large language models (LLMs) are becoming more capable and widespread, the study of their failure cases is becoming increasingly important. Recent advances in standardizing, measuring, and scaling test-time compute suggest new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Mahdi Sabbaghi , Paul Kassianik , George Pappas , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi , Hamed Hassani

As LLMs gain stronger reasoning capabilities, their extended chain-of-thought introduces new degrees of complexity for defending against adversarial jailbreaks and prompt injection. We study consistency training, a family of fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Avidan Shah , Jannik Brinkmann , Rico Angell

Adversarial training for LLMs is one of the most promising methods to reliably improve robustness against adversaries. However, despite significant progress, models remain vulnerable to simple in-distribution exploits, such as rewriting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Chengzhi Hu , Jonas Dornbusch , David Lüdke , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities across diverse applications. However, concerns regarding their security, particularly the vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, persist. Drawing inspiration from adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Yujun Zhou , Yufei Han , Haomin Zhuang , Kehan Guo , Zhenwen Liang , Hongyan Bao , Xiangliang Zhang

Ensuring safety alignment is a critical requirement for large language models (LLMs), particularly given increasing deployment in real-world applications. Despite considerable advancements, LLMs remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Xin Yi , Yue Li , Dongsheng Shi , Linlin Wang , Xiaoling Wang , Liang He

With the emergence of large language models, such as LLaMA and OpenAI GPT-3, In-Context Learning (ICL) gained significant attention due to its effectiveness and efficiency. However, ICL is very sensitive to the choice, order, and verbaliser…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Simon Yu , Jie He , Pasquale Minervini , Jeff Z. Pan

Despite recent efforts in Large Language Model (LLM) safety and alignment, current adversarial attacks on frontier LLMs can still consistently force harmful generations. Although adversarial training has been widely studied and shown to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Csaba Dékány , Stefan Balauca , Robin Staab , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

Security alignment enables the Large Language Model (LLM) to gain the protection against malicious queries, but various jailbreak attack methods reveal the vulnerability of this security mechanism. Previous studies have isolated LLM…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Xiaohu Li , Yunfeng Ning , Zepeng Bao , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Tieyun Qian

Adversarial training has become one of the most effective methods for improving robustness of neural networks. However, it often suffers from poor generalization on both clean and perturbed data. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-19 Minhao Cheng , Qi Lei , Pin-Yu Chen , Inderjit Dhillon , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Despite extensive diagnostics and debugging by developers, AI systems sometimes exhibit harmful unintended behaviors. Finding and fixing these is challenging because the attack surface is so large -- it is not tractable to exhaustively…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Stephen Casper , Lennart Schulze , Oam Patel , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can bypass their safety guardrails. In many domains, adversarial training has proven to be one of the most promising methods to reliably improve robustness against such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Sophie Xhonneux , Alessandro Sordoni , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel , Leo Schwinn

Beyond the success story of adversarial training (AT) in the recent text domain on top of pre-trained language models (PLMs), our empirical study showcases the inconsistent gains from AT on some tasks, e.g. commonsense reasoning, named…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-09 Hongqiu Wu , Yongxiang Liu , Hanwen Shi , Hai Zhao , Min Zhang

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

Adversarial training can improve the robustness of neural networks. Previous methods focus on a single adversarial training strategy and do not consider the model property trained by different strategies. By revisiting the previous methods,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Xingbin Liu , Huafeng Kuang , Xianming Lin , Yongjian Wu , Rongrong Ji

Adversarial training (AT) and its variants have spearheaded progress in improving neural network robustness to adversarial perturbations and common corruptions in the last few years. Algorithm design of AT and its variants are focused on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-15 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Ramneet Kaur , James Weimer , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee
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