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Quality control (QC) of MR images is essential to ensure that downstream analyses such as segmentation can be performed successfully. Currently, QC is predominantly performed visually and subjectively, at significant time and operator cost.…

Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in brain tumor segmentation and diagnosis by leveraging complementary information from different contrasts. Each contrast highlights specific tumor characteristics, enabling…

Uncertainty estimation is important for interpreting the trustworthiness of machine learning models in many applications. This is especially critical in the data-driven active learning setting where the goal is to achieve a certain accuracy…

Medical image segmentation, particularly tumor segmentation, is a critical task in medical imaging, with U-Net being a widely adopted convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for this purpose. However, U-Net's high computational and…

The precision of contouring target structures and organs-at-risk (OAR) in radiotherapy planning is crucial for ensuring treatment efficacy and patient safety. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have significantly improved OAR…

Despite recent improvements in the accuracy of brain tumor segmentation, the results still exhibit low levels of confidence and robustness. Uncertainty estimation is one effective way to change this situation, as it provides a measure of…

The use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models in risk-based decision-making has attracted extensive attention with broad applications in medical, finance, manufacturing, and quality control. To mitigate prediction-related risks in decision…

Despite the recent improvements in overall accuracy, deep learning systems still exhibit low levels of robustness. Detecting possible failures is critical for a successful clinical integration of these systems, where each data point…

Deep learning has made significant strides in automated brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in recent years. However, the reliability of these tools is hampered by the presence of poor-quality segmentation…

Segmentation tasks in medical imaging are inherently ambiguous: the boundary of a target structure is oftentimes unclear due to image quality and biological factors. As such, predicted segmentations from deep learning algorithms are…

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is important for reliability assessment and enhancement of machine learning models. In deep learning, uncertainties arise not only from data, but also from the training procedure that often injects…

Since radiologists have different training and clinical experiences, they may provide various segmentation annotations for a lung nodule. Conventional studies choose a single annotation as the learning target by default, but they waste…

Researchers have proposed several approaches for neural network (NN) based uncertainty quantification (UQ). However, most of the approaches are developed considering strong assumptions. Uncertainty quantification algorithms often perform…

Accurate anatomical labeling of intracranial arteries is essential for cerebrovascular diagnosis and hemodynamic analysis but remains time-consuming and subject to interoperator variability. We present a deep learning-based framework for…

Accurate segmentation of pediatric brain tumors in multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is critical for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring, yet faces unique challenges due to limited data, high anatomical…

In the domain of computer vision, semantic segmentation emerges as a fundamental application within machine learning, wherein individual pixels of an image are classified into distinct semantic categories. This task transcends traditional…

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women and is a leading cause of female mortality. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is a powerful imaging tool for evaluating breast tumors, yet the field lacks a standardized…

In post-operative radiotherapy for prostate cancer, the cancerous prostate gland has been surgically removed, so the clinical target volume (CTV) to be irradiated encompasses the microscopic spread of tumor cells, which cannot be visualized…

Quantifying uncertainties for machine learning models is a critical step to reduce human verification effort by detecting predictions with low confidence. This paper proposes a method for uncertainty quantification (UQ) of table structure…

Introduction: The present study on the development and evaluation of an automated brain tumor segmentation technique based on deep learning using the 3D U-Net model. Objectives: The objective is to leverage state-of-the-art convolutional…