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Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

The problem of deep long-tailed learning, a prevalent challenge in the realm of generic visual recognition, persists in a multitude of real-world applications. To tackle the heavily-skewed dataset issue in long-tailed classification, prior…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 Wenxiang Xu , Yongcheng Jing , Linyun Zhou , Wenqi Huang , Lechao Cheng , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient tuning (PETuning) method for utilizing pre-trained models (PTMs) that simply prepends a soft prompt to the input and only optimizes the prompt to adapt PTMs to downstream tasks. Although it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-24 Xiangyang Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for complex natural language tasks typically requires long-form prompts to convey detailed requirements and information, which results in increased memory usage and inference costs. To mitigate these…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-18 Zongqian Li , Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

The performance of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is often sensitive to nuances in prompt templates, requiring careful prompt engineering, adding costs in terms of computing and human effort. In this study, we present experiments…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Liang Cheng , Tianyi LI , Zhaowei Wang , Mark Steedman

Large Language Model (LLM) has demonstrated significant ability in various Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their effectiveness is highly dependent on the phrasing of the task prompt, leading to research on automatic prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yixin Cao , Jizhi Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent work has shown that language models' (LMs) prompt-based learning capabilities make them well suited for automating data labeling in domains where manual annotation is expensive. The challenge is that while writing an initial prompt…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-21 Neel Guha , Mayee F. Chen , Kush Bhatia , Azalia Mirhoseini , Frederic Sala , Christopher Ré

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as these models become increasingly integrated into various societal and decision-making processes. Traditional methods, such as reinforcement learning from human…

3D semantic occupancy prediction is central to autonomous driving, yet current methods are vulnerable to long-tailed class bias and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, often overconfidently assigning anomalies to rare classes. We present…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Yuheng Zhang , Mengfei Duan , Kunyu Peng , Yuhang Wang , Di Wen , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool , Kailun Yang

Recent advances have witnessed the effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). The optimization process often requires numerous iterations to achieve…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Yun Qu , Qi Wang , Yixiu Mao , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer , Xiangyang Ji

Prompt learning is an effective way to exploit the potential of large-scale pre-trained foundational models. Continuous prompts parameterize context tokens in prompts by turning them into differentiable vectors. Deep continuous prompts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

This paper surveys and organizes research works in a new paradigm in natural language processing, which we dub "prompt-based learning". Unlike traditional supervised learning, which trains a model to take in an input x and predict an output…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-30 Pengfei Liu , Weizhe Yuan , Jinlan Fu , Zhengbao Jiang , Hiroaki Hayashi , Graham Neubig

Large language model performance can be improved in a large number of ways. Many such techniques, like fine-tuning or advanced tool usage, are time-intensive and expensive. Although prompt engineering is significantly cheaper and often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Philipp Schoenegger , Cameron R. Jones , Philip E. Tetlock , Barbara Mellers

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Prompt-based evaluations suggest that large language models (LLMs) perform poorly on time series classification, raising doubts about whether they encode meaningful temporal structure. We show that this conclusion reflects limitations of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Dan Schumacher , Erfan Nourbakhsh , Rocky Slavin , Anthony Rios

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent work has unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Qiang Wang , Dawei Feng , Xu Zhang , Ao Shen , Yang Xu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

Time series forecasting aims to model temporal dependencies among variables for future state inference, holding significant importance and widespread applications in real-world scenarios. Although deep learning-based methods have achieved…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Zesen Wang , Lijuan Lan , Yonggang Li

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profoundly transformative effect on a number of fields and domains. However, their uptake in Law has proven more challenging due to the important issues of reliability and transparency. In…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Strahinja Klem , Noura Al Moubayed