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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

Safety fine-tuning of language models typically requires a curated adversarial dataset. We take a different approach: score each candidate prompt's difficulty by how often the target model's own rollouts are judged harmful, then fine-tune…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Prakhar Gupta , Garv Shah , Donghua Zhang

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has become a critical concern. Despite significant efforts in safety alignment, current LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks. However, the root causes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Yonghong Deng , Zhen Yang , Ping Jian , Xinyue Zhang , Zhongbin Guo , Chengzhi Li

Human beings often experience stress, which can significantly influence their performance. This study explores whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit stress responses similar to those of humans and whether their performance fluctuates…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Aorigele Bao , Xiang He , Yiting Dong , Yi Zeng

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

Thinking mode has always been regarded as one of the most valuable modes in LLMs. However, we uncover a surprising and previously overlooked phenomenon: LLMs with thinking mode are more easily broken by Jailbreak attack. We evaluate 9 LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Fan Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Large language models (LLMs) rely on safety alignment to avoid responding to malicious user inputs. Unfortunately, jailbreak can circumvent safety guardrails, resulting in LLMs generating harmful content and raising concerns about LLM…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Zhenhong Zhou , Haiyang Yu , Xinghua Zhang , Rongwu Xu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on a deluge of text data with limited quality control. As a result, LLMs can exhibit unintended or even harmful behaviours, such as leaking information, fake news or hate speech. Countermeasures,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Jingtong Su , Julia Kempe , Karen Ullrich

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study on the safety alignment capabilities. We evaluate what matters for safety alignment in LLMs and LRMs to provide essential insights for developing more secure and reliable AI systems. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Lihao Yin , Xianzhi Yu , Zhenhua Dong , Mingxuan Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated for robustness against paraphrased or semantically equivalent jailbreak prompts, yet little attention has been paid to linguistic variation as an attack surface. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Srikant Panda , Avinash Rai

Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

As the popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) grow, combining model safety with utility becomes increasingly important. The challenge is making sure that LLMs can recognize and decline dangerous prompts without sacrificing their ability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-30 Ruchira Ray , Ruchi Bhalani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from traditional computing tasks to advanced artificial intelligence (AI) applications. This widespread adoption has spurred extensive research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Xu Wang , Cheng Li , Yi Chang , Jindong Wang , Yuan Wu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about the robustness of their safety alignment. While existing jailbreak studies explore both single-turn and multi-turn strategies, most implicitly assume a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Jianyi Zhang , Shizhao Liu , Ziyin Zhou , Zhen Li

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical contexts, raising critical concerns about safety, alignment, and susceptibility to adversarial manipulation. While prior benchmarks assess model refusal capabilities for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Sijia Chen , Xiaomin Li , Mengxue Zhang , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Qingcheng Zeng , Chen-Hsiang Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbreak attacks have posed growing safety and ethical risks. Malicious users often exploit adversarial context to deceive LLMs, prompting them…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Jinhwa Kim , Ian G. Harris

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) threatens their safe use in sensitive domains like education by allowing users to bypass ethical safeguards. This study focuses on detecting jailbreaks in 2-Sigma, a clinical education platform…

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