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Despite being trained on significant amounts of data, Large Language Models (LLMs) can provide inaccurate or unreliable information in the context of a user's specific query. Given query-specific context significantly improves the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Millie Vyas , Timothy Blattner , Alden Dima

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes how a large-language-model (LLM) agent and an external tool server exchange messages, but not trust: a host reads a server's self-declared tool list and dispatches calls, with no notion of which…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Alfredo Metere

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has rapidly emerged as a universal standard for connecting AI assistants to external tools and data sources. While MCP simplifies integration between AI applications and various services, it introduces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Charoes Huang , Xin Huang , Ngoc Phu Tran , Amin Milani Fard

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) relies on a state machine and deterministic arithmetic to ensure reliable connections. However, traditional protocol logic driven by hard-coded state machines struggles to meet the demands of…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Yule Han , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) exemplified by the impressive mathematical and scientific reasoning capabilities of the o1 model have spotlighted the critical importance of high-quality training data in advancing LLM…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Dakuan Lu , Xiaoyu Tan , Rui Xu , Tianchu Yao , Chao Qu , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Christoph Bühler , Matteo Biagiola , Luca Di Grazia , Guido Salvaneschi

Large language models translate natural language into database queries, yet context window limitations prevent direct deployment in reporting systems where complete datasets exhaust available tokens. The Model Context Protocol specification…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Scott Frees

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) has intensified concerns around intellectual property (IP) protection, as model theft and unauthorized redistribution become increasingly feasible. To address this, model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Zhenhua Xu , Xixiang Zhao , Xubin Yue , Shengwei Tian , Changting Lin , Meng Han

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from passive text generators to active reasoning agents capable of interacting with external tools, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a key standardized framework for dynamic tool…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Xuanqi Gao , Siyi Xie , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Chao Shen

Model Context Protocol (MCP) has recently gained increased attention within the AI community for providing a standardized way for large language models (LLMs) to interact with external tools and services, significantly enhancing their…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zihao Ding , Mufeng Zhu , Yao Liu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external tools, enabling dynamic aggregation of real-time data to improve task execution. However, its non-isolated execution context introduces critical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Haoran Shi , Hongwei Yao , Shuo Shao , Shaopeng Jiao , Ziqi Peng , Zhan Qin , Cong Wang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to invoke external tools through natural-language descriptions, forming the foundation of many AI agent applications. However, MCP does not enforce consistency between…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Zhihao Li , Boyang Ma , Xuelong Dai , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Biwei Yan , Kun Li

Organizations often lay down rules or guidelines called Natural Language Access Control Policies (NLACPs) for specifying who gets access to which information and when. However, these cannot be directly used in a target access control model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Pratik Sonune , Ritwik Rai , Shamik Sural , Vijayalakshmi Atluri , Ashish Kundu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a standard interface through which large language model (LLM) agents discover and invoke external tools. However, existing MCP evaluations fall short along three key axes: realistic multi-step…

The development of large language models (LLMs) has entered in a experience-driven era, flagged by the emergence of environment feedback-driven learning via reinforcement learning and tool-using agents. This encourages the emergenece of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Junfeng Fang , Zijun Yao , Ruipeng Wang , Haokai Ma , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) aims to create a standard for how Large Language Models use tools. However, most current research focuses on selecting tools from an existing pool. A more fundamental, yet largely overlooked, problem is how…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Chaoqian Ouyang , Ling Yue , Shimin Di , Libin Zheng , Linan Yue , Shaowu Pan , Jian Yin , Min-Ling Zhang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a common interface connecting large language models (LLMs) with external services. Remote deployments are becoming increasingly important as agents connect to user-linked online services, such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Huijun Zhou , Xiaohan Zhang , Haozhe Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Mi Zhang , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by enabling robust text generation and understanding. However, their deployment in sensitive domains like healthcare, finance, and legal services raises…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Georgios Feretzakis , Vassilios S. Verykios

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces a structurally distinct attack surface that existing threat frameworks, designed for traditional software systems or generic LLM deployments, do not adequately cover. This paper presents MCP-38, a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

As Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces an easy-to-use ecosystem for users and developers, it also brings underexplored safety risks. Its decentralized architecture, which separates clients and servers, poses unique challenges for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Huihao Jing , Haoran Li , Wenbin Hu , Qi Hu , Heli Xu , Tianshu Chu , Peizhao Hu , Yangqiu Song