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Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) thrives to achieve perfect secrecy of One time Pad (OTP) through quantum processes. One of the crucial components of QKD are Quantum Random Number Generators(QRNG) for generation of keys. Unfortunately, these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Arun Mishra , Kanaka Raju Pandiri , Anupama Arjun Pandit , Lucy Sharma

As quantum technologies advance, the security of popular cryptographic protocols becomes more threatened by the capabilities of Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQCs). In this scenario, Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) has…

In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing technology has posed potential security threats to RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum systems are particularly suited for generating true randomness due to their inherent unpredictability, which can be justified on physical principles. However, practical implementations of Quantum RNGs (QRNGs) are always subject to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-29 Xiaomin Guo , Fading Lin , Jiehong Lin , Zhijie Song , Yue luo , Qiqi Wang , Yanqiang Guo

Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…

Since the security of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms is based on the hardness of mathematical problems, while the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the fundamental principles of quantum physics, each approach…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security against quantum computing threats, but integrating QKD into existing security protocols remains an unsolved challenge due to fundamental mismatches between pre-distributed…

The security of electronic devices has become a key requisite for the rapidly-expanding pervasive and hyper-connected world. Robust security protocols ensuring secure communication, device's resilience to attacks, authentication control and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-02-15 Francesco Regazzoni , Emna Amri , Samuel Burri , Davide Rusca , Hugo Zbinden , Edoardo Charbon

Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-03-15 Marco Avesani , Hamid Tebyanian , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-04-19 Bingjie Xu , Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Jie Yang , Qi Su , Wei Huang , Yichen Zhang , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computer. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, and the current method is pre-sharing symmetric…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-01-24 A. S. Trushechkin , P. A. Tregubov , E. O. Kiktenko , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

We present a layered and modular network architecture that combines Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to provide scalable end-to-end security across long distance multi-hop, trusted-node quantum networks. To…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-14 Paul Spooren , Andreas Neuhold , Sebastian Ramacher , Thomas Hühn

This work presents a hardware and software architecture which can be used in those systems that implement practical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) schemes. This architecture fully exploits the…

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) can permit the superior security even with unknown devices. In practice, however, the realization of device-independent QKD is technically challenging because of its low noise tolerance. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-22 Feihu Xu , Yu-Zhe Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has emerged as a critical component of secure communication in the quantum era, ensuring information-theoretic security. Despite its potential, there are issues in optimizing key generation rates, enhancing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-04 Bikash K. Behera , Saif Al-Kuwari , Ahmed Farouk

The advent of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic mechanisms, demanding new strategies for securing communication networks. Since real-world networks cannot be fully Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)-enabled due to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Ane Sanz , Eire Salegi , Asier Atutxa , David Franco , Jasone Astorga , Eduardo Jacob

We describe a methodology and standard of proof for experimental claims of quantum random number generation (QRNG), analogous to well-established methods from precision measurement. For appropriately constructed physical implementations,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-01-14 Morgan W. Mitchell , Carlos Abellan , Waldimar Amaya

QKD technology is being increasingly adopted inside the network core for protecting information transport against any form of computational attacks. However, the use of QKD for wide-area internetworking is still challenging and costly, due…

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