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Post-training model quantization is a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods rely on uniform or heuristic bitwidth assignments, failing to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Chao Zhang , Li Wang , Samson Lasaulce , Merouane Debbah

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuning technologies have achieved remarkable results. However, traditional LLM fine-tuning approaches face significant challenges: they require large Floating Point (FP) computation, raising privacy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Sifan Zhou , Shuo Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Mingjia Shi , Yuzhang Shang , Dawei Yang

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

As the length of input text increases, the key-value (KV) cache in LLMs imposes prohibitive GPU memory costs and limits long-context inference on resource constrained devices. Existing approaches, such as KV quantization and pruning, reduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Yuning Qiu , Qibin Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance but entail significant memory and computational costs, restricting their practical deployment. While existing INT4/INT8 quantization reduces these costs, they often degrade…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Hao Zhang , Aining Jia , Weifeng Bu , Yushu Cai , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become the dominant method for parameter-efficient LLM fine-tuning, with LoRA-based quantization error compensation (LQEC) emerging as a powerful tool for recovering accuracy in compressed LLMs. However, LQEC…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Geonho Lee , Janghwan Lee , Sukjin Hong , Minsoo Kim , Euijai Ahn , Du-Seong Chang , Jungwook Choi

Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

Despite advances using low-rank adapters and quantization, pretraining of large models on consumer hardware has not been possible without model sharding, offloading during training, or per-layer gradient updates. To address these…

Large language models~(LLMs) have recently demonstrated promising performance in many tasks. However, the high storage and computational cost of LLMs has become a challenge for deploying LLMs. Weight quantization has been widely used for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Wen-Pu Cai , Ming-Yang Li , Wu-Jun Li

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are essential in computer vision but are computationally intensive, too. Model quantization, particularly to low bit-widths like 4-bit, aims to alleviate this difficulty, yet existing Post-Training Quantization…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Guang Liang , Xinyao Liu , Jianxin Wu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is pivotal for deploying large language models (LLMs) within resource-limited settings by significantly reducing resource demands. However, existing PTQ strategies underperform at low bit levels < 3 bits due…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-31 Wanlong Liu , Yichen Xiao , Dingyi Zeng , Hongyang Zhao , Wenyu Chen , Malu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demand extensive memory capacity during both fine-tuning and inference. To enable memory-efficient fine-tuning, existing methods apply block-wise quantization techniques, such as NF4 and AF4, to the network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Patrick Blumenberg , Thomas Graave , Tim Fingscheidt

This study presents an ensemble technique, SPQ (SVD-Pruning-Quantization), for large language model (LLM) compression that combines variance-retained singular value decomposition (SVD), activation-based pruning, and post-training linear…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Jiamin Yao , Eren Gultepe

As large language models (LLMs) grow in size and deployment scale, quantization has become an essential technique for reducing memory footprint and improving inference efficiency. However, existing quantization toolkits often lack…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

When transformer-based language models are deployed for text generation, most of the inference time is spent in the decoding stage, where output tokens are generated sequentially. Reducing the hardware cost of each decoding step is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Sayed Mohammadreza Tayaranian Hosseini , Amir Ardakani , Warren J. Gross

Methods based on weight compensation, which iteratively apply quantization and weight compensation to minimize the output error, have recently demonstrated remarkable success in quantizing Large Language Models (LLMs). The representative…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Shuaiting Li , Juncan Deng , Kedong Xu , Rongtao Deng , Hong Gu , Minghan Jiang , Haibin Shen , Kejie Huang

For large language models (LLMs), post-training quantization (PTQ) can significantly reduce memory footprint and computational overhead. Model quantization is rapidly evolving. Though many papers report breakthrough results, they are often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Yutong Liu , Cairong Zhao , Guosheng Hu