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Neural networks often make overconfident predictions from out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Detection of OOD data is therefore crucial to improve the safety of machine learning. The simplest and most powerful method for OOD detection is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Hikaru Shijo , Yutaka Yoshihama , Kenichi Yadani , Norifumi Murata

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a principal task for ensuring the safety of deploying deep-neural-network classifiers in open-set scenarios. OOD samples can be drawn from arbitrary distributions and exhibit deviations from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Choubo Ding , Guansong Pang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is concerned with identifying data points that do not belong to the same distribution as the model's training data. For the safe deployment of predictive models in a real-world environment, it is critical…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Zaharah Bukhsh , Aaqib Saeed

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial in many real-world applications. However, intelligent models are often trained solely on in-distribution (ID) data, leading to overconfidence when misclassifying OOD data as ID classes. In this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Jiankang Chen , Tong Zhang , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Soft labeling becomes a common output regularization for generalization and model compression of deep neural networks. However, the effect of soft labeling on out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which is an important topic of machine…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-08 Doyup Lee , Yeongjae Cheon

Multi-label Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to discriminate the OOD samples from the multi-label In-Distribution (ID) ones. Compared with its multiclass counterpart, it is crucial to model the joint information among classes. To…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Yuchen Sun , Qianqian Xu , Zitai Wang , Zhiyong Yang , Junwei He

Effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios. However, recent work has shown that OOD detection methods are vulnerable to adversarial attacks,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Hugo Lyons Keenan , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect test samples that do not fall into any training in-distribution (ID) classes. Prior efforts focus on regularizing models with ID data only, largely underperforming counterparts that utilize…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Puning Yang , Jian Liang , Jie Cao , Ran He

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

Discriminative neural networks offer little or no performance guarantees when deployed on data not generated by the same process as the training distribution. On such out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, the prediction may not only be…

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) associate nodes with textual attributes and graph structure, enabling GNNs to jointly model semantic and structural information. While effective on in-distribution (ID) data, GNNs often encounter…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Yinlin Zhu , Di Wu , Xu Wang , Guocong Quan , Miao Hu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a critical safeguard for deploying machine learning models in the real world. However, most post-hoc detection methods operate on penultimate feature representations derived from global average…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Abid Hassan , Tuan Ngo , Saad Shafiq , Nenad Medvidovic

In today's interconnected world, achieving reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection poses a significant challenge for machine learning models. While numerous studies have introduced improved approaches for multi-class OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Yihan Mei , Xinyu Wang , Dell Zhang , Xiaoling Wang

\noindent Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of machine learning models. Extensive work has focused on devising various scoring functions for detecting OOD samples, while only a few studies focus on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Yifan Ding , Xixi Liu , Jonas Unger , Gabriel Eilertsen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in graphs is critical for ensuring model robustness in open-world and safety-sensitive applications. Existing graph OOD detection approaches typically train an in-distribution (ID) classifier on ID data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Haoyan Xu , Zhengtao Yao , Ziyi Wang , Zhan Cheng , Xiyang Hu , Mengyuan Li , Yue Zhao

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Vanilla CNNs, as uncalibrated classifiers, suffer from classifying out-of-distribution (OOD) samples nearly as confidently as in-distribution samples. To tackle this challenge, some recent works have demonstrated the gains of leveraging…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-20 Mahdieh Abbasi , Changjian Shui , Arezoo Rajabi , Christian Gagne , Rakesh Bobba

A neural network trained on a classification dataset often exhibits a higher vector norm of hidden layer features for in-distribution (ID) samples, while producing relatively lower norm values on unseen instances from out-of-distribution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Jaewoo Park , Jacky Chen Long Chai , Jaeho Yoon , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez