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Computational devices combining two or more different parts, one controlling the operation of the other, for example, derive their power from the interaction, in addition to the capabilities of the parts. Non-classical computation has…

We describe a plausible-speculative form of quantum computation which exploits particle (fermionic, bosonic) statistics, under a generalized, counterfactual interpretation thereof. In the idealized situation of an isolated system, it seems…

With traditional computing technologies reaching their limit, a new field has emerged seeking to follow the example of the human brain into a new era: neuromorphic computing. This paper provides an introduction to neuromorphic computing,…

As we approach the physical limits of CMOS technology, advances in materials science and nanotechnology are making available a variety of unconventional computing substrates that can potentially replace top-down-designed silicon-based…

Computer simulation models are widely used to study complex physical systems. A related fundamental topic is the inverse problem, also called calibration, which aims at learning about the values of parameters in the model based on…

The term ``neuromorphic'' refers to systems that are closely resembling the architecture and/or the dynamics of biological neural networks. Typical examples are novel computer chips designed to mimic the architecture of a biological brain,…

Neuromorphic computing seeks to replicate the remarkable efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability of the human brain in artificial systems. Unlike conventional digital approaches, which suffer from the Von Neumann bottleneck and depend on…

Quantum coherence is critical resource for applications in quantum technology, among which quantum-enhanced sensing represents a typical example.Compared with quantum metrology with entangled states of multiple qubits, bosonic…

Neuromorphic computing, commonly understood as a computing approach built upon neurons, synapses, and their dynamics, as opposed to Boolean gates, is gaining large mindshare due to its direct application in solving current and future…

Boson sampling is a problem for which quantum devices could prove to go beyond classical computing using only linear optics and photon preparation and counting. While theoretically important, there is a lack of practical applications for…

The acceleration race of digital computing technologies seems to be steering toward impasses -- technological, economical and environmental -- a condition that has spurred research efforts in alternative, "neuromorphic" (brain-like)…

Computing is a high-level process of a physical system. Recent interest in non-standard computing systems, including quantum and biological computers, has brought this physical basis of computing to the forefront. There has been, however,…

We give a rigorous framework for the interaction of physical computing devices with abstract computation. Device and program are mediated by the non-logical 'representation relation'; we give the conditions under which representation and…

The value of brain-inspired neuromorphic computers critically depends on our ability to program them for relevant tasks. Currently, neuromorphic hardware often relies on machine learning methods adapted from deep learning. However,…

Materials with thickness ranging from a few nanometers to a single atomic layer present unprecedented opportunities to investigate new phases of matter constrained to the two-dimensional plane.Particle-particle Coulomb interaction is…

The introduction of computational models in cardiovascular sciences has been progressively bringing new and unique tools for the investigation of the physiopathology. Together with the dramatic improvement of imaging and measuring devices…

Neuromorphic computing exploits the dynamical analogy between many physical systems and neuron biophysics. Superconductor systems, in particular, are excellent candidates for neuromorphic devices due to their capacity to operate in great…

Neural networks have been proposed as efficient numerical wavefunction ansatze which can be used to variationally search a wide range of functional forms for ground state solutions. These neural network methods are also advantageous in that…

A computer simulation has to be fast to be helpful, if it is employed to study the behavior of a multicomponent dynamic system. This paper discusses modeling concepts and algorithmic techniques useful for creating such fast simulations.…

The search for new, application-specific quantum computers designed to outperform any classical computer is driven by the ending of Moore's law and the quantum advantages potentially obtainable. Photonic networks are promising examples,…