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Evaluating large language models (LLMs) typically requires thousands of benchmark items, making the process expensive, slow, and increasingly impractical at scale. Existing evaluation protocols rely on average accuracy over fixed item sets,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Peiyu Li , Xiuxiu Tang , Si Chen , Ying Cheng , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) has proven effective for efficient LLM evaluation on multiple-choice benchmarks, but modern LLM evaluation increasingly relies on generation tasks where outputs are scored continuously rather than marked…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Esma Balkır , Alice Pernthaller , Marco Basaldella , José Hernández-Orallo , Nigel Collier

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on diverse benchmarks, yet existing evaluation practices largely rely on coarse summary metrics that obscure underlying reasoning abilities. In this work, we propose novel…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-17 Jia Liu , Zhiyu Xu , Yuqi Gu

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) offers an efficient and personalized method for assessing examinee proficiency by dynamically adjusting test questions based on individual performance. Compared to traditional, non-personalized testing…

Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) play a crucial role in educational assessment and diagnostic screening in behavioral health. Unlike traditional linear tests that administer a fixed set of pre-assembled items, CATs adaptively tailor the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-11 Jiguang Li , Robert Gibbons , Veronika Rockova

In this paper, we present a complete framework for quickly calibrating and administering a robust large-scale computerized adaptive test (CAT) with a small number of responses. Calibration - learning item parameters in a test - is done…

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on comprehensive benchmarks is a cornerstone of their development, yet it's often computationally and financially prohibitive. While Item Response Theory (IRT) offers a promising path toward…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Lele Liao , Qile Zhang , Ruofan Wu , Guanhua Fang

Comprehensive evaluations of language models (LM) during both development and deployment phases are necessary because these models possess numerous capabilities (e.g., mathematical reasoning, legal support, or medical diagnostic) as well as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Sang Truong , Yuheng Tu , Percy Liang , Bo Li , Sanmi Koyejo

Evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly critical, yet standard benchmarking methods rely on average accuracy, overlooking both the inherent stochasticity of LLM outputs and the heterogeneity of benchmark items. Item…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-11 Xinhao Qu , Qiang Heng , Hao Zeng , Xiaoqian Liu

Accuracy-based evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) measures benchmark-specific performance rather than underlying medical competency: it treats all questions as equally informative, conflates model ability with item characteristics,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Zhimeng Luo , Lixin Wu , Adam Frisch , Daqing He

The rapid release of both language models and benchmarks makes it increasingly costly to evaluate every model on every dataset. In practice, models are often evaluated on different samples, making scores difficult to compare across studies.…

Item response theory (IRT) is a class of interpretable factor models that are widely used in computerized adaptive tests (CATs), such as language proficiency tests. Traditionally, these are fit using parametric mixed effects models on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 James Sharpnack , Phoebe Mulcaire , Klinton Bicknell , Geoff LaFlair , Kevin Yancey

Model evaluation is a critical component in supervised machine learning classification analyses. Traditional metrics do not currently incorporate case difficulty. This renders the classification results unbenchmarked for generalization.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Adrienne Kline , Joon Lee

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is emerging as a promising testing application in many scenarios, such as education, game and recruitment, which targets at diagnosing the knowledge mastery levels of examinees on required concepts. It…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-01-18 Haoyang Bi , Haiping Ma , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen , Yu Su , Shijin Wang

Thousands of diverse benchmarks have been developed to measure the quality of large language models (LLMs). Yet prior work has demonstrated that LLM performance is often sufficiently explained by a small set of latent factors, or abilities.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Michael Krumdick , Adam Wiemerslage , Seth Ebner , Charles Lovering , Chris Tanner

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) refers to a form of tests that are personalized to every student/test taker. CAT methods adaptively select the next most informative question/item for each student given their responses to previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-18 Aritra Ghosh , Andrew Lan

There is growing interest in using machine learning (ML) to support clinical diagnosis, but most approaches rely on static, fully observed datasets and fail to reflect the sequential, resource-aware reasoning clinicians use in practice.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Silas Ruhrberg Estévez , Nicolás Astorga , Mihaela van der Schaar

UI automation tests play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of mobile applications. Despite the growing popularity of machine learning techniques to generate these tests, they still face several challenges, such as the mismatch of UI…

As foundation models continue to scale, the size of trained models grows exponentially, presenting significant challenges for their evaluation. Current evaluation practices involve curating increasingly large datasets to assess the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-05-08 Ganghua Wang , Zhaorun Chen , Bo Li , Haifeng Xu

This paper presents an innovative large language model (LLM) agent framework for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in simulated clinical environments using the AgentClinic benchmark. The proposed automatic correction enables doctor agents to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Abhishek Dutta , Yen-Che Hsiao
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