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Self-healing systems have long been a focus of research, aiming to enable software to recover from unexpected runtime errors without human intervention. Traditional approaches rely on predefined heuristic rules, such as reusing error…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Zhensu Sun , Haotian Zhu , Bowen Xu , Xiaoning Du , Li Li , David Lo

We introduce Agent2 RL-Bench, a compact diagnostic benchmark for evaluating agentic RL post-training, which tests whether LLM agents can autonomously design, implement, debug, and execute post-training pipelines that improve foundation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Wanyi Chen , Xiao Yang , Xu Yang , Tianming Sha , Qizheng Li , Zhuo Wang , Bowen Xian , Fang Kong , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian

Large Language Models (LLMs) face persistent and evolving trustworthiness issues, motivating developers to seek automated and flexible repair methods that enable convenient deployment across diverse scenarios. Existing repair methods like…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Changqing Li , Tianlin Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Li Pan

To support long-term interaction in complex environments, LLM agents require memory systems that manage historical experiences. Existing approaches either retain full interaction histories via passive context extension, leading to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Jiaqi Liu , Yaofeng Su , Peng Xia , Siwei Han , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

As Language Models (LMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents, accurately forecasting their capabilities becomes crucial for societal preparedness. We evaluate six forecasting methods that predict downstream capabilities of LM agents.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Govind Pimpale , Axel Højmark , Jérémy Scheurer , Marius Hobbhahn

Sparse rewards present a difficult problem in reinforcement learning and may be inevitable in certain domains with complex dynamics such as real-world robotics. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a recent replay memory development that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-08-31 Trevor A. McInroe

Despite the potential of language model-based agents to solve real-world tasks such as web navigation, current methods still struggle with long-horizon tasks with complex action trajectories. In contrast, humans can flexibly solve complex…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-12 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Jiayuan Mao , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems, often comprising multiple models, complex tool invocations, and orchestration protocols, substantially outperform monolithic agents. Yet this very sophistication amplifies their fragility,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Guibin Zhang , Junhao Wang , Junjie Chen , Wangchunshu Zhou , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Harnesses are now central to coding-agent performance, mediating how models interact with tools and execution environments. Yet harness engineering remains a manual craft, because automating it faces a heterogeneous action space across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jiahang Lin , Shichun Liu , Chengjun Pan , Lizhi Lin , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Yan , Zhenhua Han , Tao Gui , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in various language tasks, making them promising candidates for decision-making in robotics. Inspired by Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL), we propose…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

In the realm of web agent research, achieving both generalization and accuracy remains a challenging problem. Due to high variance in website structure, existing approaches often fail. Moreover, existing fine-tuning and in-context learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-10 Michael Lutz , Arth Bohra , Manvel Saroyan , Artem Harutyunyan , Giovanni Campagna

Reinforcement learning can train LLM agents from sparse task rewards, but long-horizon credit assignment remains challenging: a single success-or-failure signal must be distributed across many actions. Existing methods rely on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Xiaozhe Li , Tianyi Lyu , Yang Li , Yichuan Ma , Peiji Li , Linyang Li , Qipeng Guo , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Recent advances in language model (LM) agents and function calling have enabled autonomous, feedback-driven systems to solve problems across various digital domains. To better understand the unique limitations of LM agents, we introduce…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Dhruv Gautam , Spandan Garg , Jinu Jang , Neel Sundaresan , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is widely regarded as the state-of-the-art algorithm for achieving sample-efficient multi-goal reinforcement learning (RL) in robotic manipulation tasks with binary rewards. HER facilitates learning from…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Fikrican Özgür , René Zurbrügg , Suryansh Kumar

Task success can hide process anomalies in real-world agent executions. An agent may pass the final task oracle while still accumulating unresolved ambiguity, unsafe external writes, ignored errors, weakly grounded commitments, or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yibing Liu , Yangze Liu , Xiaolong Yin , Bin Wang , Chong Zhang , Hao Yin , Zhongyi Han

Long-lived AI agents are increasingly deployed as persistent operational systems, yet they are still evaluated like freshly initialized models. Day-one benchmarks miss a basic systems question: how long does an agent remain reliable after…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Jianing Zhu , Yeonju Ro , John Robertson , Kevin Wang , Junbo Li , Haris Vikalo , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

As LLM-based agents operate over sequential multi-step reasoning, hallucinations arising at intermediate steps risk propagating along the trajectory, thus degrading overall reliability. Unlike hallucination detection in single-turn…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Xuannan Liu , Xiao Yang , Zekun Li , Peipei Li , Ran He

The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

Training tool-calling agents with reinforcement learning on multi-turn tasks remains challenging due to sparse outcome rewards and difficult credit assignment across conversation turns. We present the first application of MT-GRPO…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Wachiravit Modecrua , Krittanon Kaewtawee , Krittin Pachtrachai , Touchapon Kraisingkorn