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Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are promising alternatives to autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), as they potentially allow higher inference throughput. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a crucial component for dLLMs to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Petr Molodyk , Bo Yuan , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

While fusing heterogeneous open-source LLMs with varying architectures and sizes can potentially integrate the strengths of different models, existing fusion methods face significant challenges, such as vocabulary alignment and merging…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Ziyi Yang , Fanqi Wan , Longguang Zhong , Tianyuan Shi , Xiaojun Quan

A key challenge in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) lies in the intractability of their likelihood functions, which are essential for the RL objective, necessitating corresponding approximation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Nianyi Lin , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Reinforcement learning has become the primary paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks, with group relative policy optimization (GRPO) widely used in large-scale post-training. However, GRPO faces…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Amir Hossein Yari , Fajri Koto

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective in strengthening the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). A widely adopted method, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has shown strong empirical results in training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Peter Chen , Xiaopeng Li , Ziniu Li , Xi Chen , Tianyi Lin

Traditional sentence embedding methods employ token-level contrastive learning on non-generative pre-trained models. Recently, there have emerged embedding methods based on generative large language models (LLMs). These methods either rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Ziyang Chen , Zhenxuan Huang , Yile Wang , Weiqin Wang , Lu Yin , Hui Huang

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

By integrating external knowledge, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an effective strategy for mitigating the hallucination problems that large language models (LLMs) encounter when dealing with knowledge-intensive tasks.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Ruizhe Zhang , Yongxin Xu , Yuzhen Xiao , Runchuan Zhu , Xinke Jiang , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning but suffers from advantage collapse on ``hard samples'' where all rollouts fail. This lack of variance eliminates crucial learning signals.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xinyu Lu , Kaiqi Zhang , Jinglin Yang , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Min He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities and versatility in NLP tasks, however they sometimes fail to maintain crucial invariances for specific tasks. One example is permutation sensitivity, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-21 Adian Liusie , Yassir Fathullah , Mark J. F. Gales

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently emerged as an effective approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models through online multi-objective reinforcement learning. While personalization on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Ziyao Wang , Daeun Jung , Yexiao He , Guoheng Sun , Zheyu Shen , Myungjin Lee , Ang Li

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, their application to specialized anomaly detection (AD) remains constrained by domain adaptation challenges. Existing Group Relative…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jingyi Liao , Yongyi Su , Rong-Cheng Tu , Zhao Jin , Wenhao Sun , Yiting Li , Dacheng Tao , Xun Xu , Xulei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, motivating researchers to investigate their potential use in recommendation systems. However, directly applying LLMs to recommendation tasks has…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Zhuoxi Bai , Ning Wu , Fengyu Cai , Xinyi Zhu , Yun Xiong

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently shown strong performance in post-training large language models and vision-language models. It raises a question of whether the GRPO also significantly promotes the test-time adaptation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Yujun Li , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuan Yuan

Group-Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as an efficient paradigm for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its efficacy is primarily confined to domains with verifiable ground truths. Extending GRPO to open-domain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yang Zhao , Hepeng Wang , Xiao Ding , Yangou Ouyang , Bibo Cai , Kai Xiong , Jinglong Gao , Zhouhao Sun , Li Du , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated notable success in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). However, recent studies reveal that while current RLVR methods improve sampling…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Yang Xu , Kun Yao , Yiming Deng , Zheng Fang , Kai Ming Ting , Ming Pang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used for post-training large language models (LLMs) in code editing, where group-relative methods, such as GRPO, are popular due to their critic-free and normalized advantage estimation. However, in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Jianqing Zhang , Zhezheng Hao , Wei Xia , Hande Dong , Hong Wang , Chenxing Wei , Yuyan Zhou , Yubin Qi , Qiang Lin , Jian Cao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has markedly enhanced the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Its success, however, largely depends on strong base models with rich world knowledge, yielding only modest…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yongxin Guo , Wenbo Deng , Zhenglin Cheng , Xiaoying Tang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong multilingual capabilities, yet often fail to consistently generate responses in the intended language, exhibiting a phenomenon known as language confusion. Prior mitigation approaches based on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Jinho Choo , JunSeung Lee , Jimyeong Kim , Yeeho Song , S. K. Hong , Yeong-Dae Kwon