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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable interaction over both text and images, but their safety behavior can be driven by unimodal shortcuts instead of true joint intent understanding. We introduce CSR-Bench, a benchmark for…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Yuxuan Liu , Yuntian Shi , Kun Wang , Haoting Shen , Kun Yang

In recent years, the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) has sparked interest in task automation, which involves decomposing complex tasks described by user instructions into sub-tasks and invoking external tools to execute…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Yongliang Shen , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Wenqi Zhang , Kan Ren , Siyu Yuan , Weiming Lu , Dongsheng Li , Yueting Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) are shown to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks where adversarial prompts are designed to elicit harmful responses. While existing defenses effectively mitigate single-turn attacks by detecting and filtering…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Hanjiang Hu , Alexander Robey , Changliu Liu

We examine two properties of AI systems: capability (what a system can do) and steerability (how reliably one can shift behavior toward intended outcomes). A central question is whether capability growth reduces steerability and risks…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Jakub Hoscilowicz

Activation steering has emerged as a powerful tool to shape LLM behavior without the need for weight updates. While its inherent brittleness and unreliability are well-documented, its safety implications remain underexplored. In this work,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Yuxiao Li , Alina Fastowski , Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Model steering represents a powerful technique that dynamically aligns large language models (LLMs) with human preferences during inference. However, conventional model-steering methods rely heavily on externally annotated data, not only…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Rongyi Zhu , Yuhui Wang , Tanqiu Jiang , Jiacheng Liang , Ting Wang

Tool-using LLM agents increasingly rely on external tools to make consequential decisions, yet most existing agent-security benchmarks and defenses implicitly assume that tool feedback is trustworthy once a tool has been selected. We study…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Lecheng Yan , Ruizhe Li , Xicheng Han , Wenxi Li , Binwu Wang , Longyue Wang , Chenyang Lyu , Guanhua Chen

Harness engineering has emerged as an important inference-time technique for large language model (LLM) agents, aiming to improve long-term performance through task decomposition and guided execution. However, more elaborate harnesses are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Boyuan Wang , Bochao Li , Minghan Wang , Yuxin Tao , Fang Kong

With the advancement of automated software engineering, research focus is increasingly shifting toward practical tasks reflecting the day-to-day work of software engineers. Among these tasks, software migration, a critical process of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Ryo Fujii , Makoto Morishita , Kazuki Yano , Jun Suzuki

A popular approach to post-training control of large language models (LLMs) is the steering of intermediate latent representations. Namely, identify a well-chosen direction depending on the task at hand and perturbs representations along…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Samuel Vaiter , Damien Garreau

LLM-based financial agents increasingly produce investment rationales before the outcomes needed to evaluate them are observable. This creates a delayed-ground-truth evaluation problem: realized returns remain the eventual arbiter of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Sidi Chang , Peiying Zhu , Yuxiao Chen

Leaderboard scores on public benchmarks have been steadily rising and converging, with many frontier language models now separated by only marginal differences. However, these scores often fail to match users' day to day experience, because…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Yiliang Song , Hongjun An , Jiangong Xiao , Haofei Zhao , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Large language models (LLMs) power many state-of-the-art systems in natural language processing. However, these models are extremely computationally expensive, even at inference time, raising the natural question: when is the extra cost of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-05 Deepak Narayanan , Keshav Santhanam , Peter Henderson , Rishi Bommasani , Tony Lee , Percy Liang

Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Jahyun Koo , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

LLM-based agents are increasingly used to simulate deliberative interactions such as negotiation, conflict resolution, and multi-turn opinion exchange. Yet generated transcripts often do not reveal why an agent's stance changes: movement…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Joshua C. Yang , Maurice Flechtner , Damian Dailisan , Michiel A. Bakker

Recent advances in large language models have enabled LLM-based agents to achieve strong performance on a variety of benchmarks. However, their performance in real-world deployments often that observed on benchmark settings, especially in…

Recent work has shown that LLMs can sometimes detect when steering vectors are injected into their residual stream and identify the injected concept -- a phenomenon termed "introspective awareness." We investigate the mechanisms underlying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Uzay Macar , Li Yang , Atticus Wang , Peter Wallich , Emmanuel Ameisen , Jack Lindsey

Despite strong medical benchmark accuracy, LLMs can exhibit severe multi-turn sycophancy in clinical dialogue, abandoning initial correct diagnosis under escalating pressure. We propose \textbf{\textsc{Med-Stress}}, a targeted stress test…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Boyu Xiao , Xiuqi Tian , Xuwen Song , Haochun Wang , Guanchun Song , Sendong Zhao , Bing Qin

This paper studies whether multimodal large language models (LLMs) can serve as inspectable spatial proposal modules for stress-aware topology optimization. IterSIMP-{\sigma} keeps the SIMP optimizer as a compliance-minimizing…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Shaoliang Yang , Jun Wang , Yunsheng Wang

Reflection, the ability of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate and revise their own reasoning, has been widely used to improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, most prior works emphasizes designing reflective prompting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Ting Lee , Pei-Yuan Wu