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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances LLMs with external knowledge, yet generation remains vulnerable to retrieval-induced noise and uncertain placement of relevant chunks, often causing hallucinations. We present Ext2Gen, an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Hwanjun Song , Jeonghwan Choi , Minseok Kim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using large language models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses due to the retrieval of irrelevant or loosely related information. Existing methods, which operate at the document level,…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved evidence, but LLM accuracy declines when long or noisy contexts exceed the model's effective attention span. Existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Debashish Chakraborty , Eugene Yang , Daniel Khashabi , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

The ability to automatically extract Knowledge Graphs (KG) from a given collection of documents is a long-standing problem in Artificial Intelligence. One way to assess this capability is through the task of slot filling. Given an entity…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Michael Glass , Gaetano Rossiello , Alfio Gliozzo

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) provides the necessary informational grounding to LLMs in the form of chunks retrieved from a vector database or through web search. RAG could also use knowledge graph triples as a means of providing…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Shalin Shah , Srikanth Ryali , Ramasubbu Venkatesh

Knowledge-intensive language tasks require NLP systems to both provide the correct answer and retrieve supporting evidence for it in a given corpus. Autoregressive language models are emerging as the de-facto standard for generating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Michele Bevilacqua , Giuseppe Ottaviano , Patrick Lewis , Wen-tau Yih , Sebastian Riedel , Fabio Petroni

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling applications from content generation to decision support. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves LLMs by incorporating external knowledge but…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Zirui Cheng , Jikai Sun , Anjun Gao , Yueyang Quan , Zhuqing Liu , Xiaohua Hu , Minghong Fang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems respond to queries by retrieving relevant documents from a knowledge database and applying an LLM to the retrieved documents. We demonstrate that RAG systems that operate on databases with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Avital Shafran , Roei Schuster , Vitaly Shmatikov

Guard models are a critical component of LLM safety, but their sensitivity to superficial linguistic variations remains a key vulnerability. We show that even meaning-preserving paraphrases can cause large fluctuations in safety scores,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Cristina Pinneri , Christos Louizos

Data augmentation is a technique to improve the generalization ability of machine learning methods by increasing the size of the dataset. However, since every augmentation method is not equally effective for every dataset, you need to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-31 Daisuke Oba , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Brian Kenji Iwana

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) generally enhances large language models' (LLMs) ability to solve knowledge-intensive tasks. But RAG may also lead to performance degradation due to imperfect retrieval and the model's limited ability to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Shuyang Cao , Karthik Radhakrishnan , David Rosenberg , Steven Lu , Pengxiang Cheng , Lu Wang , Shiyue Zhang

Classical autoassociative memory models have been central to understanding emergent computations in recurrent neural circuits across diverse biological contexts. However, they typically neglect neuromodulatory agents that are known to…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2025-12-17 Daiki Goto , Hector Manuel Lopez Rios , Monika Scholz , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Previous work combines word-level and character-level representations using concatenation or scalar weighting, which is suboptimal for high-level tasks like reading comprehension. We present a fine-grained gating mechanism to dynamically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-09-13 Zhilin Yang , Bhuwan Dhingra , Ye Yuan , Junjie Hu , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

This paper addresses the need for improved precision in existing knowledge-enhanced question-answering frameworks, specifically Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods that primarily focus on enhancing recall. We propose a multi-layer…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Rubing Chen , Xulu Zhang , Jiaxin Wu , Wenqi Fan , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Memory retrieval in agentic large language model (LLM) systems is often treated as a static lookup problem, relying on flat vector search or fixed binary relational graphs. However, fixed graph structures cannot capture the varying…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Guanpeng Li , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Transformer attention scales quadratically with sequence length O(n^2), limiting long-context use. We propose Adaptive Retention, a probabilistic, layer-wise token selection mechanism that learns which representations to keep under a strict…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 S M Rafiuddin , Muntaha Nujat Khan

Attention mechanism plays a dominant role in the sequence generation models and has been used to improve the performance of machine translation and abstractive text summarization. Different from neural machine translation, in the task of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-04-09 Piji Li , Lidong Bing , Zhongyu Wei , Wai Lam

Autoregressive Language Models (LLMs) trained on Next-Token Prediction (NTP) often suffer from Topic Drift where the generation wanders away from the initial prompt due to a reliance on local associations rather than global planning. While…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Darshan Fofadiya

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant proficiency in conducting question-answering (QA) tasks within a specified corpus. Nonetheless, numerous failure instances of RAG in QA still exist. These failures are not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jinyang Su