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Trends observed in galaxies, such as the Gao \& Solomon relation, suggest a linear relation between the star formation rate and the mass of dense gas available for star formation. Validation of such relations requires the establishment of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-09-20 Jens Kauffmann , Paul F. Goldsmith , Gary Melnick , Volker Tolls , Andres Guzman , Karl M. Menten

HCN(1$-$0) emission traces dense gas and correlates very strongly with star formation rates (SFRs) on scales from small Milky Way clouds to whole galaxies. The observed correlation offers strong constraints on the efficiency of star…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Adam Onus , Mark R. Krumholz , Christoph Federrath

We derive a physical model for the observed relations between star formation rate (SFR) and molecular line (CO and HCN) emission in galaxies, and show how these observed relations are reflective of the underlying star formation law. We do…

We investigate the relationship between CN N = 1 - 0 and HCN J = 1 - 0 emission on scales from 30 pc to 400 pc using ALMA archival data, for which CN is often observed simultaneously with the CO J = 1 - 0 line. In a sample of 9 nearby…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-15 Christine D. Wilson , Ashley Bemis , Blake Ledger , Osvald Klimi

The star formation rate (SFR) is tightly connected to the amount of dense gas in molecular clouds. However, it is not fully understood how the relationship between dense molecular gas and star formation varies within galaxies and in…

We report results of a project to map HCN and HCO+ J = 1-0 emission toward a sample of molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy, all containing dense clumps that are actively engaged in star formation. We compare these two molecular line…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-05-20 Neal J. Evans , Kee-Tae Kim , Jingwen Wu , Zhang Chao , Mark Heyer , Tie Liu , Quang Nguyen-Luong , Jens Kauffmann

Studies both of entire galaxies and of local Galactic star formation indicate a dependency of a molecular cloud's star formation rate (SFR) on its dense gas mass. In external galaxies, such measurements are derived from HCN(1-0)…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-02-14 S. Viaene , J. Forbrich , J. Fritz

Stars form out of the densest parts of molecular clouds. Far-IR emission can be used to estimate the Star Formation Rate (SFR) and high dipole moment molecules, typically HCN, trace the dense gas. A strong correlation exists between HCN and…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2016-12-28 J. Braine , Y. Shimajiri , P. André , S. Bontemps , Yu Gao , Hao Chen , C. Kramer

We present synthetic line observations of a simulated molecular cloud, utilising a self-consistent treatment of the dynamics and time-dependent chemical evolution. We investigate line emission from the three most common CO isotopologues…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-12 F. D. Priestley , P. C. Clark , S. C. O. Glover , S. E. Ragan , O. Fehér , L. R. Prole , R. S. Klessen

We provide a model for how Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) laws, which describe the correlation between star formation rate and gas surface or volume density, depend on the molecular line chosen to trace the gas. We show that, for lines that can be…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Mark R. Krumholz , Todd A. Thompson

(abridged) HCN luminosity Lhcn is a tracer of DENSE molecular gas, n(H_2) >~ 3x10^4 cm^{-3}, associated with star-forming giant molecular cloud (GMC) cores. We present the results and analysis of our survey of HCN emission from 65 infrared…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-08-21 Yu Gao , Philip M. Solomon

We report a sensitive search for the HCN(J=2-1) emission line towards SDSS J1148+5251 at z=6.42 with the VLA. HCN emission is a star formation indicator, tracing dense molecular hydrogen gas (n(H2) >= 10^4 cm^-3) within star-forming…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-07-12 Dominik A. Riechers , Fabian Walter , Christopher L. Carilli , Frank Bertoldi

Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1-0) emission has been utilised as the most accessible dense gas tracer to study external galaxies. We present new measurements tracing the…

Star formation activity in molecular clouds is often found to be correlated with the amount of material above a column density threshold of $\sim 10^{22} \, {\rm cm^{-2}}$. Attempts to connect this column density threshold to a ${\it…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-10-11 F. D. Priestley , P. C. Clark , S. C. O. Glover , S. E. Ragan , O. Fehér , L. R. Prole , R. S. Klessen

We use archival ALMA observations of the HCN and CO $J=1-0$ transitions, in addition to the radio continuum at 93 GHz, to assess the relationship between dense gas, star formation, and gas dynamics in ten, nearby (U)LIRGs and late-type…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-15 Ashley R. Bemis , Christine D. Wilson

We model emissivities of the HCN and CO $J=1-0$ transitions using measured properties of clouds found in normal star forming galaxies and more extreme systems. These models are compared with observations of HCN and CO $J=1-0$ transitions.…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-01-27 Ashley R. Bemis , Christine D. Wilson , Piyush Sharda , Ian D. Roberts , Hao He

Observations have revealed prodigious amounts of star formation in starburst galaxies as traced by dust and molecular emission, even at large redshifts. Recent work shows that for both nearby spiral galaxies and distant starbursts, the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Jingwen Wu , Neal J. Evans , Yu Gao , Philip M. Solomon , Yancy L. Shirley , Paul A. Vanden Bout

We use new ALMA observations to investigate the connection between dense gas fraction, star formation rate, and local environment across the inner region of four local galaxies showing a wide range of molecular gas depletion times. We map…

We present observations made with the 10m Heinrich Hertz Sub-Millimeter Telescope of HCN (3-2) emission from a sample of 30 nearby galaxies ranging in infrared luminosity from 10^10 - 10^12.5 L_sun and HCN (3-2) luminosity from 10^6 - 10^9…

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