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We study the problem of domain adaptation under distribution shift, where the shift is due to a change in the distribution of an unobserved, latent variable that confounds both the covariates and the labels. In this setting, neither the…

Detecting latent confounders from proxy variables is an essential problem in causal effect estimation. Previous approaches are limited to low-dimensional proxies, sorted proxies, and binary treatments. We remove these assumptions and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-03-22 Nathan Mankovich , Homer Durand , Emiliano Diaz , Gherardo Varando , Gustau Camps-Valls

Causal representation learning has emerged as the center of action in causal machine learning research. In particular, multi-domain datasets present a natural opportunity for showcasing the advantages of causal representation learning over…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-12 Kartik Ahuja , Amin Mansouri , Yixin Wang

We address the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation when the source domain differs from the target domain because of a shift in the distribution of a latent subgroup. When this subgroup confounds all observed data, neither covariate…

In many scientific domains, including experimentation, researchers rely on measurements of proxy outcomes to achieve faster and more frequent reads, especially when the primary outcome of interest is challenging to measure directly. While…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-08 Steven Wilkins-Reeves , Alexandra N. M. Darmon , Deeksha Sinha

Supervised learning with Earth observation inputs is often limited by the sparsity of high-quality labeled or in-situ measured data to use as training labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases there are variables…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Zhongying Wang , Kevin Lane , Levi Cai , Morteza Karimzadeh , Esther Rolf

Discovering and parameterising latent confounders represent important and challenging problems in causal structure learning and density estimation respectively. In this paper, we focus on both discovering and learning the distribution of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-23 Kiattikun Chobtham , Anthony C. Constantinou

Performative prediction is a framework that captures distribution shifts that occur during the training of machine learning models due to their deployment. As the trained model is used, data generation causes the model to evolve, leading to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Xue Zheng , Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Aylin Yener , Xueru Zhang

We introduce a new approach to prediction in graphical models with latent-shift adaptation, i.e., where source and target environments differ in the distribution of an unobserved confounding latent variable. Previous work has shown that as…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-06-26 William I. Walker , Arthur Gretton , Maneesh Sahani

Learning individual-level causal effects from observational data, such as inferring the most effective medication for a specific patient, is a problem of growing importance for policy makers. The most important aspect of inferring causal…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-11-07 Christos Louizos , Uri Shalit , Joris Mooij , David Sontag , Richard Zemel , Max Welling

We study the problem of causal function estimation in the Proxy Causal Learning (PCL) framework, where confounders are not observed but proxies for the confounders are available. Two main approaches have been proposed: outcome bridge-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Bariscan Bozkurt , Houssam Zenati , Dimitri Meunier , Liyuan Xu , Arthur Gretton

We address the computational challenge of finding the robust sequential change-point detection procedures when the pre- and post-change distributions are not completely specified. Earlier works [veeravalli 1994] and [Unnikrishnan 2011]…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2018-03-14 Yang Cao , Yao Xie

Interventional causal discovery seeks to identify causal relations by leveraging distributional changes introduced by interventions, even in the presence of latent confounders. Beyond the spurious dependencies induced by latent confounders,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Gongxu Luo , Loka Li , Guangyi Chen , Haoyue Dai , Kun Zhang

Predicting outcomes in external domains is challenging due to hidden confounders that potentially influence both predictors and outcomes. Well-established methods frequently rely on stringent assumptions, explicit knowledge about the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-14 Carlos García Meixide , David Ríos Insua

Proximal causal inference is a recently proposed framework for evaluating causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. For point identification of causal effects, it leverages a pair of so-called treatment and outcome…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-01-30 AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Conformal prediction provides a powerful framework for constructing prediction intervals with finite-sample guarantees, yet its robustness under distribution shifts remains a significant challenge. This paper addresses this limitation by…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-05-20 Liviu Aolaritei , Zheyu Oliver Wang , Julie Zhu , Michael I. Jordan , Youssef Marzouk

Proxy causal learning (PCL) is a method for estimating the causal effect of treatments on outcomes in the presence of unobserved confounding, using proxies (structured side information) for the confounder. This is achieved via two-stage…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-19 Liyuan Xu , Heishiro Kanagawa , Arthur Gretton

Estimating long-term causal effects by combining long-term observational and short-term experimental data is a crucial but challenging problem in many real-world scenarios. In existing methods, several ideal assumptions, e.g. latent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Ruichu Cai , Junjie Wan , Weilin Chen , Zeqin Yang , Zijian Li , Peng Zhen , Jiecheng Guo

Hidden confounding remains a central challenge in estimating treatment effects from observational data, as unobserved variables can lead to biased causal estimates. While recent work has explored the use of large language models (LLMs) for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Hao Yang , Haoxuan Li , Luyu Chen , Haoxiang Wang , Xu Chen , Mingming Gong

Practitioners often face the challenge of deploying prediction models in new environments with shifted distributions of covariates and responses. With observational data, such shifts are often driven by unobserved confounding, and can in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Kulunu Dharmakeerthi , YoonHaeng Hur , Tengyuan Liang
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