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Multimode fibers (MMFs) have the potential to carry complex images for endoscopy and related applications, but decoding the complex speckle patterns produced by mode-mixing and modal dispersion in MMFs is a serious challenge. Several groups…

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for training machine learning models distributively without sacrificing data security and privacy. Learning models on edge devices such as mobile phones is one of the most common use…

We develop a machine learning based algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify low HI column density Ly$\alpha$ absorption systems ($\log{N_{\mathrm{HI}}}/{\rm cm}^{-2}<17$) in the Ly$\alpha$ forest, and predict their…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard…

The Forward-Forward (FF) Algorithm has been recently proposed to alleviate the issues of backpropagation (BP) commonly used to train deep neural networks. However, its current formulation exhibits limitations such as the generation of…

The rapid proliferation of computing domains relying on Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created a pressing need for efficient and accurate deep-learning (DL) models that can run on low-power devices. However, traditional DL models tend…

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, hybrid analog-digital (AD) beamforming can be used to attain a high directional gain without requiring a dedicated radio frequency (RF) chain for each antenna element, which…

Pre-trained large models attract widespread attention in recent years, but they face challenges in applications that require high interpretability or have limited resources, such as physical sensing, medical imaging, and bioinformatics.…

A non-intrusive reduced order model based on convolutional autoencoders (NIROM-CAEs) is proposed as a data-driven tool to build an efficient nonlinear reduced-order model for stochastic spatio-temporal large-scale physical problems. The…

Federated learning (FL) enables a loose set of participating clients to collaboratively learn a global model via coordination by a central server and with no need for data sharing. Existing FL approaches that rely on complex algorithms with…

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are becoming a promising alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their rich neural dynamics and the implementation of energy-efficient neuromorphic chips. However, the…

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Matched filters are widely used to localise signal patterns due to their high efficiency and interpretability. However, their effectiveness deteriorates for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals, such as those recorded on edge devices,…

This work proposes a new algorithm to mitigate model generalization loss in Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) operating under client reliability constraints within 5G Core Networks (CNs). Recently studied and endorsed by 3GPP, VFL enables…

Deep learning algorithms have shown tremendous success in many recognition tasks; however, these algorithms typically include a deep neural network (DNN) structure and a large number of parameters, which makes it challenging to implement…

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising approach for tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, fine-tuning these models on edge devices remains challenging due to high memory,…

This work presents a systematic investigation into the latent knowledge encoded within Network Foundation Models (NFMs) that focuses on hidden representations analysis rather than pure downstream task performance. Different from existing…

Artificial Neural-Network-based (ANN-based) lossy compressors have recently obtained striking results on several sources. Their success may be ascribed to an ability to identify the structure of low-dimensional manifolds in high-dimensional…

This paper presents a triangular lattice photonic crystal fiber with very high nonlinear coefficient. Finite element method (FEM) is used to scrutinize different optical properties of proposed highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber…

Diffusion models (DMs) are powerful generative models capable of producing high-fidelity images but are constrained by high computational costs due to iterative multi-step inference. While Neural Architecture Search (NAS) can optimize DMs,…