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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models. While existing analyses identify that RLVR-induced changes are sparse, they primarily focus on the…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves final-answer accuracy on reasoning tasks, but it does not reliably improve reasoning quality. Because outcome rewards only assess final answers, they also reward spurious…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Chenlu Ye , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Hao Chen , Narayanan Sadagopan , Jing Huang , Tong Zhang , Anurag Beniwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Multimodal Reward Models (MRMs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While recent advancements have primarily focused on improving the model structure and training data of MRMs, there…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a powerful framework for improving the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current methods such as GRPO rely only on problems where the model responses to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Thanh-Long V. Le , Myeongho Jeon , Kim Vu , Viet Lai , Eunho Yang

How can a reinforcement learning (RL) agent prepare to solve downstream tasks if those tasks are not known a priori? One approach is unsupervised skill discovery, a class of algorithms that learn a set of policies without access to a reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-07 Benjamin Eysenbach , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), which uses simple binary feedback to post-train large language models, has found significant empirical success. However, a principled understanding of why it works is lacking. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Joe Suk , Yaqi Duan

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), but most existing approaches rely on sparse outcome-level feedback. This sparsity creates a credit assignment…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Huaijie Wang , Xiangmin Yi , Jiaxuan Gao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Yu Wang , Chao Yu , Yi Wu

Alignment is vital for safely deploying large language models (LLMs). Existing techniques are either reward-based (training a reward model on preference pairs and optimizing with reinforcement learning) or reward-free (directly fine-tuning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ruoxi Cheng , Haoxuan Ma , Weixin Wang , Ranjie Duan , Jiexi Liu , Xiaoshuang Jia , Simeng Qin , Xiaochun Cao , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Jia

World models predict state transitions in response to actions and are increasingly developed across diverse modalities. However, standard training objectives such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) often misalign with task-specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Jialong Wu , Shaofeng Yin , Ningya Feng , Mingsheng Long

Recently, reinforcement learning~(RL) has become an important approach for improving the capabilities of large language models~(LLMs). In particular, reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards~(RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Fei Bai , Zhipeng Chen , Chuan Hao , Ming Yang , Ran Tao , Bryan Dai , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian Yang , Hongteng Xu

This paper examines the exploration-exploitation trade-off in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), a framework for improving the reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent studies suggest that RLVR can elicit strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Peter Chen , Xiaopeng Li , Ziniu Li , Wotao Yin , Xi Chen , Tianyi Lin

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critically dependent on reward models trained on costly human preference data. While recent work explores bypassing this cost with AI feedback, these methods often lack a rigorous theoretical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Yi-Chen Li , Tian Xu , Yang Yu , Xuqin Zhang , Xiong-Hui Chen , Zhongxiang Ling , Ningjing Chao , Lei Yuan , Zhi-Hua Zhou

We propose Reinforcement Learning with Explicit Human Values (RLEV), a method that aligns Large Language Model (LLM) optimization directly with quantifiable human value signals. While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Dian Yu , Yulai Zhao , Kishan Panaganti , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been an effective approach for improving Large Language Models' reasoning in domains such as coding and mathematics. Here, we apply RLVR methods towards forecasting future real-world…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Benjamin Turtel , Danny Franklin , Kris Skotheim , Luke Hewitt , Philipp Schoenegger

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key ingredient for unlocking complex reasoning capabilities in large language models. Recent work ProRL has shown promise in scaling RL by increasing the number of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Jian Hu , Mingjie Liu , Ximing Lu , Fang Wu , Zaid Harchaoui , Shizhe Diao , Yejin Choi , Pavlo Molchanov , Jun Yang , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

Large language models have achieved significant reasoning improvements through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Yet as model capabilities grow, constructing high-quality reward signals becomes increasingly difficult,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Salman Rahman , Jingyan Shen , Anna Mordvina , Hamid Palangi , Saadia Gabriel , Pavel Izmailov

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. The dominant paradigm, outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RLVR), rewards only correct final answers, often propagating…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Beining Wang , Weihang Su , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yujia Zhou , Ting Yao , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

The recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established their potential as autonomous interactive agents. However, they often struggle in strategic games of incomplete information, such as bilateral price negotiation. In this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Shuze Daniel Liu , Claire Chen , Jiabao Sean Xiao , Lei Lei , Yuheng Zhang , Yisong Yue , David Simchi-Levi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has emerged as a powerful learn-to-reason paradigm for large reasoning models to tackle complex tasks. However, the current RLVR paradigm is still not efficient enough, as it works in a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Junjie Zhang , Guozheng Ma , Shunyu Liu , Haoyu Wang , Jiaxing Huang , Ting-En Lin , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Dacheng Tao