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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is increasingly being used as a support tool within clinical settings for pathological diagnosis decisions, achieving high performance and removing the annotation burden. However, existing approaches for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Sungrae Hong , Kyungeun Kim , Juhyeon Kim , Sol Lee , Jisu Shin , Chanjae Song , Mun Yong Yi

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-18 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung , Irwin King

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a popular method for classifying histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). Existing approaches typically rely on frozen pre-trained models to extract instance features, neglecting the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-20 Yi Lin , Zhengjie Zhu , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Hao Chen

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as the best solution for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. It consists of dividing each slide into patches, which are treated as a bag of instances labeled with a global label. MIL includes…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Ali Mammadov , Loic Le Folgoc , Julien Adam , Anne Buronfosse , Gilles Hayem , Guillaume Hocquet , Pietro Gori

Multiple instance learning (MIL) significantly reduced annotation costs via bag-level weak labels for large-scale images, such as histopathological whole slide images (WSIs). However, its adaptability to continual tasks with minimal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Byung Hyun Lee , Wongi Jeong , Woojae Han , Kyoungbun Lee , Se Young Chun

Traditional image-based survival prediction models rely on discriminative patch labeling which make those methods not scalable to extend to large datasets. Recent studies have shown Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework is useful for…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-09-24 Jiawen Yao , Xinliang Zhu , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Nicholas Hawkins , Junzhou Huang

The Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) paradigm is attracting plenty of attention in medical imaging classification, where labeled data is scarce. MIL methods cast medical images as bags of instances (e.g. patches in whole slide images, or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Francisco M. Castro-Macías , Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Yunan Wu , Rafael Molina , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Fine-grained classification of whole slide images (WSIs) is essential in precision oncology, enabling precise cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. The core of this task involves distinguishing subtle morphological…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Cheng Jin , Luyang Luo , Huangjing Lin , Jun Hou , Hao Chen

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is the predominant framework for classifying gigapixel whole-slide images in computational pathology. MIL follows a sequence of 1) extracting patch features, 2) applying a linear layer to obtain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Daniel Shao , Joel Runevic , Richard J. Chen , Drew F. K. Williamson , Ahrong Kim , Andrew H. Song , Faisal Mahmood

Analyzing high resolution whole slide images (WSIs) with regard to information across multiple scales poses a significant challenge in digital pathology. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a common solution for working with high resolution…

Timely and accurate lymphoma diagnosis is essential for guiding cancer treatment. Standard diagnostic practice combines hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained whole slide images with immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular genetic…

The placenta forms a critical barrier to infection through pregnancy, labor and, delivery. Inflammatory processes in the placenta have short-term, and long-term consequences for offspring health. Digital pathology and machine learning can…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Abhishek Sharma , Ramin Nateghi , Marina Ayad , Lee A. D. Cooper , Jeffery A. Goldstein

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is widely used in analyzing histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSIs). However, existing MIL methods do not explicitly model the data distribution, and instead they only learn a bag-level or instance-level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-20 Linhao Qu , Xiaoyuan Luo , Shaolei Liu , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Histopathologists establish cancer grade by assessing histological structures, such as glands in prostate cancer. Yet, digital pathology pipelines often rely on grid-based tiling that ignores tissue architecture. This introduces irrelevant…

Explainability is a key requirement for computer-aided diagnosis systems in clinical decision-making. Multiple instance learning with attention pooling provides instance-level explainability, however for many clinical applications a deeper,…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-03-16 Ario Sadafi , Oleksandra Adonkina , Ashkan Khakzar , Peter Lienemann , Rudolf Matthias Hehr , Daniel Rueckert , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

In the application of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, attention mechanisms often focus on a subset of discriminative instances, which are closely linked to overfitting. To mitigate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Due to the lack of fine-grained annotation guidance, current Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) struggles to establish a robust causal relationship between Whole Slide Image (WSI) diagnosis and evidence sub-images, just like fully supervised…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Tianhang Nan , Yong Ding , Hao Quan , Deliang Li , Lisha Li , Guanghong Zhao , Xiaoyu Cui

Breast cancer has the highest mortality among cancers in women. Computer-aided pathology to analyze microscopic histopathology images for diagnosis with an increasing number of breast cancer patients can bring the cost and delays of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-03-03 Abhijeet Patil , Dipesh Tamboli , Swati Meena , Deepak Anand , Amit Sethi

Histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis with deep learning has become a research focus in computational pathology. The current paradigm is mainly based on multiple instance learning (MIL), in which approaches with Transformer as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Hongbo Chu , Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Yuxuan Chen , Lizhong Zhang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Yonghong He

In this paper, we address the challenge of few-shot classification in histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) by utilizing foundational vision-language models (VLMs) and slide-level prompt learning. Given the gigapixel scale of WSIs,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-24 Devavrat Tomar , Guillaume Vray , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Sudipta Roy , Jean-Philippe Thiran , Behzad Bozorgtabar