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Large language models (LLMs) have been adopted to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as multi-armed bandits (MAB), in which an LLM is directly instructed to select the arms to pull in every iteration. However, this paradigm of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Jiahang Sun , Zhiyong Wang , Runhan Yang , Chenjun Xiao , John C. S. Lui , Zhongxiang Dai

In-context learning enables large language models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks, including learning to make reward-maximizing choices in simple bandit tasks. Given their potential use as (autonomous) decision-making agents, it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 William M. Hayes , Nicolas Yax , Stefano Palminteri

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world decision-making systems, understanding their behavioural vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge for AI safety and alignment. While existing evaluation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Lili Zhang , Haomiaomiao Wang , Long Cheng , Libao Deng , Tomas Ward

Contextual dueling bandit is used to model the bandit problems, where a learner's goal is to find the best arm for a given context using observed noisy human preference feedback over the selected arms for the past contexts. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Xiaoqiang Lin , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

LLMs are increasingly used to design reward functions based on human preferences in Reinforcement Learning (RL). We focus on LLM-designed rewards for Restless Multi-Armed Bandits, a framework for allocating limited resources among agents.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Shresth Verma , Niclas Boehmer , Lingkai Kong , Milind Tambe

Bilateral negotiation is a complex, context-sensitive task in which human negotiators dynamically adjust anchors, pacing, and flexibility to exploit power asymmetries and informal cues. We introduce a unified mathematical framework for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Cheril Shah , Akshit Agarwal , Kanak Garg , Mourad Heddaya

While Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise to become autonomous agents, they often explore suboptimally in sequential decision-making. Recent work has sought to enhance this capability via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Sanxing Chen , Xiaoyin Chen , Yukun Huang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra

We study the robust best-arm identification problem (RBAI) in the case of linear rewards. The primary objective is to identify a near-optimal robust arm, which involves selecting arms at every round and assessing their robustness by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Wei Wang , Sattar Vakili , Ilija Bogunovic

Motivated by applications such as online labor markets we consider a variant of the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem where we have a collection of arms representing strategic agents with different performance characteristics. The…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Seyed A. Esmaeili , Suho Shin , Aleksandrs Slivkins

We study Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits (CMABs) for non-episodic sequential decision making problems where the context includes both textual and numerical information (e.g., recommendation systems, dynamic portfolio adjustments, offer…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Uljad Berdica , Fernando Acero , Anton Ipsen , Parisa Zehtabi , Michael Cashmore , Manuela Veloso

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social science simulations. While their performance on reasoning and optimization tasks has been extensively evaluated, less attention has been paid to their ability to simulate human…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-08-25 Yuanjun Feng , Vivek Choudhary , Yash Raj Shrestha

Current multi-armed bandit approaches in recommender systems (RS) have focused more on devising effective exploration techniques, while not adequately addressing common exploitation challenges related to distributional changes and item…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-10-04 Belhassen Bayar , Phanideep Gampa , Ainur Yessenalina , Zhen Wen

We study the problem of selecting large language models (LLMs) for user queries in settings where multiple LLM providers submit the cost of solving a query. From the users' perspective, choosing an optimal model is a sequential,…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Pronoy Patra , Sankarshan Damle , Manisha Padala , Sujit Gujar

We consider the problem of fitting a reinforcement learning (RL) model to some given behavioral data under a multi-armed bandit environment. These models have received much attention in recent years for characterizing human and animal…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Hao Zhu , Jasper Hoffmann , Baohe Zhang , Joschka Boedecker

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate or automate human behavior in complex sequential decision-making settings. A natural question is then whether LLMs exhibit similar decision-making behavior to humans, and can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Ziyuan Zhang , Darcy Wang , Ningyuan Chen , Rodrigo Mansur , Vahid Sarhangian

The primary goal of my Ph.D. study is to develop provably efficient and practical algorithms for data-driven sequential decision-making under uncertainty. My work focuses on reinforcement learning (RL), multi-armed bandits, and their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Zhiyong Wang

Bandit algorithms and Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in artificial intelligence, each addressing distinct yet complementary challenges in decision-making and natural language processing. This survey explores the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Djallel Bouneffouf , Raphael Feraud

Large language models (LLMs) have become powerful and widely used systems for language understanding and generation, while multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms provide a principled framework for adaptive decision-making under uncertainty.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Siguang Chen , Chunli Lv , Miao Xie

Fast changing states or volatile environments pose a significant challenge to online optimization, which needs to perform rapid adaptation under limited observation. In this paper, we give query and regret optimal bandit algorithms under…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Zhou Lu , Qiuyi Zhang , Xinyi Chen , Fred Zhang , David Woodruff , Elad Hazan

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) have been successfully applied to resource allocation problems in a variety of settings, including public health. With the rapid development of powerful large language models (LLMs), they are…

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