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Large Language Models (LLMs) have benefited enormously from scaling, yet these gains are bounded by five fundamental limitations: (1) hallucination, (2) context compression, (3) reasoning degradation, (4) retrieval fragility, and (5)…

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs), exemplified by DeepSeek R1, have shown that even a simple question-answering task can substantially improve an LLM's reasoning capabilities. In this work,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

We demonstrate the power of human-LLM collaboration in tackling open problems in theoretical computer science. Focusing on combinatorial optimization, we refine outputs from the FunSearch algorithm [Romera-Paredes et al., Nature 2023] to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Henri Nikoleit , Ankit Anand , Anurag Murty Naredla , Heiko Röglin

Object packing by autonomous robots is an im-portant challenge in warehouses and logistics industry. Most conventional data-driven packing planning approaches focus on regular cuboid packing, which are usually heuristic and limit the…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-11-18 Sichao Huang , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

In recent years, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of natural language processing and has gradually been applied to the field of humanities and social sciences research. LLMs…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Peiran Gu , Fuhao Duan , Wenhao Li , Bochen Xu , Ying Cai , Teng Yao , Chenxun Zhuo , Tianming Liu , Bao Ge

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Resource-management tasks in modern operating and distributed systems continue to rely primarily on hand-designed heuristics for tasks such as scheduling, caching, or active queue management. Designing performant heuristics is an expensive,…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Rohit Dwivedula , Divyanshu Saxena , Sujay Yadalam , Daehyeok Kim , Aditya Akella

Heuristics are widely used for dealing with complex search and optimization problems. However, manual design of heuristics can be often very labour extensive and requires rich working experience and knowledge. This paper proposes Evolution…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Fei Liu , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Xi Lin , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Model-based reinforcement learning is a powerful tool, but collecting data to fit an accurate model of the system can be costly. Exploring an unknown environment in a sample-efficient manner is hence of great importance. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-27 Matthieu Blanke , Marc Lelarge

Large language models (LLMs) offer transformative potential for clinical decision support in spine surgery but pose significant risks through hallucinations, which are factually inconsistent or contextually misaligned outputs that may…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Dong Chen , Yanzhe Wei , Zonglin He , Guan-Ming Kuang , Canhua Ye , Meiru An , Huili Peng , Yong Hu , Huiren Tao , Kenneth MC Cheung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they face significant challenges in embodied task planning scenarios that require continuous environmental understanding and action generation.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Zhaoye Fei , Li Ji , Siyin Wang , Junhao Shi , Jingjing Gong , Xipeng Qiu

Multi-objective optimization is fundamental in complex decision-making tasks. Traditional algorithms, while effective, often demand extensive problem-specific modeling and struggle to adapt to nonlinear structures. Recent advances in Large…

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

Recent progress in large language model (LLM) reasoning has focused on domains like mathematics and coding, where abundant high-quality data and objective evaluation metrics are readily available. In contrast, progress in LLM reasoning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Tengxiao Liu , Deepak Nathani , Zekun Li , Kevin Yang , William Yang Wang

Despite the dramatic progress in Large Language Model (LLM) development, LLMs often provide seemingly plausible but not factual information, often referred to as hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented LLMs provide a non-parametric approach to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…

We focus on the task of creating a reinforcement learning agent that is inherently explainable -- with the ability to produce immediate local explanations by thinking out loud while performing a task and analyzing entire trajectories…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2022-10-10 Xiangyu Peng , Mark O. Riedl , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

Unlimited, or so-called helpful-only language models are trained without safety alignment constraints and never refuse user queries. They are widely used by leading AI companies as internal tools for red teaming and alignment evaluation.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jiahao Zhao , Liwei Dong