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Transformer-based language models excel at both recall (retrieving memorized facts) and reasoning (performing multi-step inference), but whether these abilities rely on distinct internal mechanisms remains unclear. Distinguishing recall…

Standard Transformers have a fixed computational depth, fundamentally limiting their ability to generalize to tasks requiring variable-depth reasoning, such as multi-hop graph traversal or nested logic. We propose a depth-recurrent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Hung-Hsuan Chen

Transformer-based encoder-decoder models produce a fused token-wise representation after every encoder layer. We investigate the effects of allowing the encoder to preserve and explore alternative hypotheses, combined at the end of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-23 Mikhail Burtsev , Anna Rumshisky

Transformer-based models have brought a radical change to neural machine translation. A key feature of the Transformer architecture is the so-called multi-head attention mechanism, which allows the model to focus simultaneously on different…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-06 Alessandro Raganato , Yves Scherrer , Jörg Tiedemann

The quadratic cost of attention in transformers motivated the development of efficient approaches: namely sparse and sliding window attention, convolutions and linear attention. Although these approaches result in impressive reductions in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Jatin Prakash , Aahlad Puli , Rajesh Ranganath

In this paper, we present a novel two-pass approach to unify streaming and non-streaming end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition in a single model. Our model adopts the hybrid CTC/attention architecture, in which the conformer layers in the…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-12-30 Binbin Zhang , Di Wu , Zhuoyuan Yao , Xiong Wang , Fan Yu , Chao Yang , Liyong Guo , Yaguang Hu , Lei Xie , Xin Lei

Although it is known that transformer language models (LMs) pass features from early layers to later layers, it is not well understood how this information is represented and routed by the model. We analyze a mechanism used in two LMs to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Jack Merullo , Carsten Eickhoff , Ellie Pavlick

Transformer-based acoustic modeling has achieved great suc-cess for both hybrid and sequence-to-sequence speech recogni-tion. However, it requires access to the full sequence, and thecomputational cost grows quadratically with respect to…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-05-19 Chunyang Wu , Yongqiang Wang , Yangyang Shi , Ching-Feng Yeh , Frank Zhang

We make the information transmitted by attention an explicit, measurable quantity in vision transformers. By inserting variational information bottlenecks on all attention-mediated writes to the residual stream -- without other…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Kieran A. Murphy

Models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved better accuracy than the ones based on competing architectures for a large set of tasks. A unique feature of the Transformer is its universal application of a self-attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Nan Ding , Xinjie Fan , Zhenzhong Lan , Dale Schuurmans , Radu Soricut

Transformers are powerful neural architectures that allow integrating different modalities using attention mechanisms. In this paper, we leverage the neural transformer architectures for multi-channel speech recognition systems, where the…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-02-09 Feng-Ju Chang , Martin Radfar , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Brian King , Siegfried Kunzmann

Standard Transformers excel at semantic modeling but struggle with rigid sequential logic and state tracking. Theoretical work establishes that self-attention is limited to $\AC^0$ (under hard attention) or $\TC^0$ (under soft attention),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Mehryar Mohri

Since transformer was firstly published in 2017, several works have been proposed to optimize it. However, the major structure of transformer remains unchanged, ignoring one of its main intrinsic limitations, which is the same static value…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Xiaowei Wang

Linearization has emerged as a strategy for developing efficient language models (LMs). Starting from an existing Transformer-based LM, linearization replaces the attention component with computationally efficient subquadratic \textit{token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Patrick Haller , Jonas Golde , Alan Akbik

Transformers are widely used in natural language processing, where they consistently achieve state-of-the-art performance. This is mainly due to their attention-based architecture, which allows them to model rich linguistic relations…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Nikolaos Mylonas , Ioannis Mollas , Grigorios Tsoumakas

What is the computational model behind a Transformer? Where recurrent neural networks have direct parallels in finite state machines, allowing clear discussion and thought around architecture variants or trained models, Transformers have no…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-20 Gail Weiss , Yoav Goldberg , Eran Yahav

Attention layers are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) and are beginning to influence computer vision architectures. Training very large transformer models allowed significant improvement in both fields, but once trained,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-21 Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Andreas Loukas , Martin Jaggi

To accomplish the punctuation restoration task, most existing approaches focused on leveraging extra information (e.g., part-of-speech tags) or addressing the class imbalance problem. Recent works have widely applied the transformer-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-12 Yangjun Wu , Kebin Fang , Yao Zhao

The attention interaction matrix $QK^{\top}$ contains two entangled computations: a skew-symmetric component that redistributes information between positions (routing) and a symmetric component that scales mutual relevance (filtering). We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Shafayeth Jamil , Rehan Kapadia

In this paper a doubly attentive transformer machine translation model (DATNMT) is presented in which a doubly-attentive transformer decoder normally joins spatial visual features obtained via pretrained convolutional neural networks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-08-01 Hasan Sait Arslan , Mark Fishel , Gholamreza Anbarjafari