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On-policy reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have high sample complexity while off-policy algorithms are difficult to tune. Merging the two holds the promise to develop efficient algorithms that generalize across diverse environments.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-17 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently become the core paradigm for aligning and strengthening large language models (LLMs). Yet, applying RL in off-policy settings--where stale data from past policies are used for training--improves…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently rife with non-stationarity since the states and rewards the agent observes during training depend on its changing policy. Therefore, networks in deep RL must be capable of adapting to new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Skander Moalla , Andrea Miele , Daniil Pyatko , Razvan Pascanu , Caglar Gulcehre

DPO (Direct Preference Optimization) has become a widely used offline preference optimization algorithm due to its simplicity and training stability. However, DPO is prone to overfitting and collapse. To address these challenges, we propose…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Rui Wang , Qianguo Sun , Chao Song , Junlong Wu , Tianrong Chen , Zhiyun Zeng , Yu Li

On-policy reinforcement learning methods, like Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), often demand extensive data per update, leading to sample inefficiency. This paper introduces Reflective Policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Yaozhong Gan , Renye Yan , Zhe Wu , Junliang Xing

Audio and omni-modal large language models exhibit impressive cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, applying standard reinforcement learning post-training algorithms to these models exposes a critical structural vulnerability:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Cihan Xiao , Yiwen Shao , Chenxing Li , Xiang He , Zhenwen Liang , Steve Yves , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Liefeng Bo

We present a proximal policy optimization (PPO) agent trained through curriculum learning (CL) principles and meticulous reward engineering to optimize a real-world high-throughput waste sorting facility. Our work addresses the challenge of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Abhijeet Pendyala , Asma Atamna , Tobias Glasmachers

A fundamental challenge in model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) lies in the trade-off between generalization and robustness against exploitation errors in out-of-distribution (OOD) regions. While OOD samples may capture valid…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Hongqiang Lin , Dongxu Zhang , Yiding Sun , Mingzhe Li , Ning Yang , Haijun Zhang

We investigate an optimization problem in a queueing system where the service provider selects the optimal service fee p and service capacity \mu to maximize the cumulative expected profit (the service revenue minus the capacity cost and…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-08-12 Xinyun Chen , Guiyu Hong , Yunan Liu

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a popular model-free reinforcement learning algorithm, esteemed for its simplicity and efficacy. However, due to its inherent on-policy nature, its proficiency in harnessing data from disparate policies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Yaozhong Gan , Renye Yan , Xiaoyang Tan , Zhe Wu , Junliang Xing

We study reinforcement learning (RL) in the setting of continuous time and space, for an infinite horizon with a discounted objective and the underlying dynamics driven by a stochastic differential equation. Built upon recent advances in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Hanyang Zhao , Wenpin Tang , David D. Yao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) robot controllers usually aggregate many task objectives into one scalar reward. While large-scale proximal policy optimisation (PPO) has enabled impressive results such as robust robot locomotion in the real…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Humphrey Munn , Brendan Tidd , Peter Böhm , Marcus Gallagher , David Howard

Parameterized movement primitives have been extensively used for imitation learning of robotic tasks. However, the high-dimensionality of the parameter space hinders the improvement of such primitives in the reinforcement learning (RL)…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-02-14 Samuele Tosatto , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Jan Peters

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated the ability to maintain the plasticity of the policy throughout short-term training in aerial robot control. However, these policies have been shown to loss of plasticity when extended to…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Ali Tahir Karasahin , Ziniu Wu , Basaran Bahadir Kocer

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a ubiquitous on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm but is significantly less utilized than off-policy learning algorithms in multi-agent settings. This is often due to the belief that PPO is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-07 Chao Yu , Akash Velu , Eugene Vinitsky , Jiaxuan Gao , Yu Wang , Alexandre Bayen , Yi Wu

We consider the problem of learning control policies that optimize a reward function while satisfying constraints due to considerations of safety, fairness, or other costs. We propose a new algorithm, Projection-Based Constrained Policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-08 Tsung-Yen Yang , Justinian Rosca , Karthik Narasimhan , Peter J. Ramadge

Differentiable planning enables gradient-based optimization of decision-making problems by leveraging differentiable models of system dynamics. However, in highly nonlinear and hybrid discrete-continuous domains, the resulting optimization…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Yuval Aroosh , Ayal Taitler

The performance of modern reinforcement learning algorithms critically relies on tuning ever-increasing numbers of hyperparameters. Often, small changes in a hyperparameter can lead to drastic changes in performance, and different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Jacob Adkins , Michael Bowling , Adam White

Aligning large language models (LLMs) on domain-specific data remains a fundamental challenge. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) offers a straightforward way to inject domain knowledge but often degrades the model's generality. In contrast,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Linxuan Xia , Xiaolong Yang , Yongyuan Chen , Enyue Zhao , Deng Cai , Yasheng Wang , Boxi Wu