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Pretrained language models (PLMs) are today the primary model for natural language processing. Despite their impressive downstream performance, it can be difficult to apply PLMs to new languages, a barrier to making their capabilities…

In current Large Language Models we can trust the production of smoothly flowing prose on the basis of the principles of machine learning. However, there is no comparably principled basis to justify trust in the content of the text…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Leslie G. Valiant

Transfer learning with large pretrained transformer-based language models like BERT has become a dominating approach for most NLP tasks. Simply fine-tuning those large language models on downstream tasks or combining it with task-specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-06 Wenjuan Han , Bo Pang , Yingnian Wu

A central piece in enabling intelligent agentic behavior in foundation models is to make them capable of introspecting upon their behavior, reasoning, and correcting their mistakes as more computation or interaction is available. Even the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-29 Yuxiao Qu , Tianjun Zhang , Naman Garg , Aviral Kumar

Recent works demonstrate that early layers in a neural network contain useful information for prediction. Inspired by this, we show that extending temperature scaling across all layers improves both calibration and accuracy. We call this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Amr Khalifa , Michael C. Mozer , Hanie Sedghi , Behnam Neyshabur , Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

We revisit continual pre-training for large language models and argue that progress now depends more on scaling the right structure than on scaling parameters alone. We introduce SCALE, a width upscaling architecture that inserts…

Large language models handle single-turn generation well, but multi-turn interactions still require the model to reconstruct user intent and task state from an expanding token history because internal representations do not persist across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Vishwas Hegde , Vindhya Shigehalli

Reasoning is a key component of language understanding in Large Language Models. While Chain-of-Thought prompting enhances performance via explicit intermediate steps, it suffers from sufficient token overhead and a fixed reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Xinyuan Wang , Dongjie Wang , Wangyang Ying , Haoyue Bai , Nanxu Gong , Sixun Dong , Kunpeng Liu , Yanjie Fu

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) from scratch requires immense computational resources, making it prohibitively expensive. Model scaling-up offers a promising solution by leveraging the parameters of smaller models to create larger…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Xinbei Ma , Yao Yao , Libo Qin , Zhi Chen , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for solving complex reasoning tasks in domains such as mathematics, logic, and multi-step question answering. A growing line of work seeks to improve reasoning quality by scaling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Azal Ahmad Khan , Xinran Wang , Zirui Liu , Ali Anwar

Recent advances in reasoning-centric language models have highlighted reinforcement learning (RL) as a promising method for aligning models with verifiable rewards. However, it remains contentious whether RL truly expands a model's…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Mingjie Liu , Shizhe Diao , Ximing Lu , Jian Hu , Xin Dong , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

Recent pre-trained language models (PLMs) achieved great success on many natural language processing tasks through learning linguistic features and contextualized sentence representation. Since attributes captured in stacked layers of PLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-09-14 Dongsuk Oh , Yejin Kim , Hodong Lee , H. Howie Huang , Heuiseok Lim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in reasoning tasks but face limitations in mathematical and complex logical reasoning. Existing methods to improve LLMs' logical capabilities either involve traceable or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jiahao Yuan , Dehui Du , Hao Zhang , Zixiang Di , Usman Naseem

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress across various domains, but their increasing scale results in high computational and memory costs. Recent studies have revealed that LLMs exhibit sparsity, providing the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Mingkuan Feng , Jinyang Wu , Shuai Zhang , Pengpeng Shao , Ruihan Jin , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao , Feihu Che

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that progressive refinement, rather than providing a single answer, results in more accurate and thoughtful outputs. However, existing methods often rely heavily on…

The impressive performance gains of modern language models currently rely on scaling parameters: larger models store more world knowledge and reason better. Yet compressing all world knowledge into parameters is unnecessary, as only a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Hadi Pouransari , David Grangier , C Thomas , Michael Kirchhof , Oncel Tuzel

Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) provides a way to learn high-performance policies in environments where the reward signal is hard to specify, avoiding heuristic and time-consuming reward design. However, PbRL can suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Chenyang Cao , Miguel Rogel-García , Mohamed Nabail , Xueqian Wang , Nicholas Rhinehart

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved great success on Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) over the past few years. Although the general language representation learned from large-scale corpora does benefit MRC, the poor support…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-19 Fangkai Jiao , Yangyang Guo , Yilin Niu , Feng Ji , Feng-Lin Li , Liqiang Nie

As the cost of pretraining large language models grows, there is continued interest in strategies to improve learning efficiency during this core training stage. Motivated by cognitive development, where humans gradually build knowledge as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Karanpartap Singh , Neil Band , Ehsan Adeli

Large-scale pre-trained language models have achieved impressive results on a wide range of downstream tasks recently. However, fine-tuning an extremely large-scale pre-trained language model on limited target datasets is often plagued by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-04 Haojie Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Zhongjin Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Zhi Jin