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Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to empower perception systems to handle dynamic distribution shifts encountered after deployment. Existing methods predominantly follow a backward-alignment paradigm, which rigidly aligns incoming…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zhilin Zhu , Yabin Wang , Zhiheng Ma , Yaguang Song , Yaowei Wang , Xiaopeng Hong

Since distribution shifts are likely to occur during test-time and can drastically decrease the model's performance, online test-time adaptation (TTA) continues to update the model after deployment, leveraging the current test data.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Robert A. Marsden , Mario Döbler , Bin Yang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adjusting the model during the testing phase to cope with changes in sample distribution and enhance the model's adaptability to new environments. In real-world scenarios, models often encounter samples…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ziqiong Liu , Yushun Tang , Junyang Ji , Zhihai He

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique aimed at enhancing the generalization performance of models by leveraging unlabeled samples solely during prediction. Given the need for robustness in neural network systems when faced with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-07 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

Deep neural networks demonstrate strong performance under aligned training-test distributions. However, real-world test data often exhibit domain shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this challenge by adapting the model to test data…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Byung-Joon Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jee-Hyong Lee

In Test-time Adaptation (TTA), given a source model, the goal is to adapt it to make better predictions for test instances from a different distribution than the source. Crucially, TTA assumes no access to the source data or even any…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-09-08 Ansh Khurana , Sujoy Paul , Piyush Rai , Soma Biswas , Gaurav Aggarwal

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a leading parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large foundation models, yet it often locks adapters into suboptimal minima near their initialization. This hampers model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Wei Li , Yulong Zhang , Qiushi Huang , Shuhao Chen , Xuehao Wang , Yanbin Wei , Yuhe Nie , Kede Ma , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven effective for a variety of downstream tasks. However, as LLMs grow in size, the memory demands for backpropagation become increasingly prohibitive. Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Ziming Yu , Pan Zhou , Sike Wang , Jia Li , Mi Tian , Hua Huang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Integrating human feedback to align text-to-speech (TTS) system outputs with human preferences has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the robustness of language model-based TTS systems. Current approaches primarily focus on…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-12-29 Jixun Yao , Yuguang Yang , Yu Pan , Yuan Feng , Ziqian Ning , Jianhao Ye , Hongbin Zhou , Lei Xie

Deep networks that rely on prototypes-interpretable representations that can be related to the model input-have gained significant attention for balancing high accuracy with inherent interpretability, which makes them suitable for critical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi , Parvin Mousavi , Purang Abolmaesumi , Evan Shelhamer

Safe derivative-free optimization under unknown constraints is a fundamental challenge in modern learning and control. Existing zeroth-order (ZO) methods typically still assume access to a first-order oracle of the constraint functions or…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-01-29 Runyu Zhang , Gioele Zardini , Asuman Ozdaglar , Jeff Shamma , Na Li

Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and testing data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any testing sample. This task is particularly important for deep models when the test environment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-01 Shuaicheng Niu , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Shijian Zheng , Peilin Zhao , Mingkui Tan

Continual test-time adaptive object detection (CTTA-OD) aims to online adapt a source pre-trained detector to ever-changing environments during inference under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA-OD methods prioritize effectiveness…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Kunyu Wang , Xueyang Fu , Xin Lu , Chengjie Ge , Chengzhi Cao , Wei Zhai , Zheng-Jun Zha

This article presents a comprehensive survey of online test-time adaptation (OTTA), focusing on effectively adapting machine learning models to distributionally different target data upon batch arrival. Despite the recent proliferation of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Zixin Wang , Yadan Luo , Liang Zheng , Zhuoxiao Chen , Sen Wang , Zi Huang

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) adapts a given model to testing domain data with potential domain shifts through online unsupervised learning, yielding impressive performance. However, to date, existing TTA methods primarily focus on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Guohao Chen , Yan Zhou , Qinghua Lu , Shuaicheng Niu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address distribution shifts between source and target data by relying solely on target data during testing. In open-world scenarios, models often encounter noisy samples, i.e., samples outside the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Tongliang Liu , Yang Liu , Kun Zhang , Bo Han

Zeroth-order optimization (ZO) has demonstrated remarkable promise in efficient fine-tuning tasks for Large Language Models (LLMs). In particular, recent advances incorporate the low-rankness of gradients, introducing low-rank ZO estimators…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-03 Yan Sun , Tiansheng Huang , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization, learning from finite differences of function evaluations without backpropagation, has recently regained attention in deep learning due to its memory efficiency and applicability to gray- or black-box…

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization enables memory-efficient training of neural networks by estimating gradients via forward passes only, eliminating the need for backpropagation. However, the stochastic nature of gradient estimation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Chen Zhang , Yuxin Cheng , Chenchen Ding , Shuqi Wang , Jingreng Lei , Runsheng Yu , Yik-Chung WU , Ngai Wong