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The "LLM-as-a-Judge" paradigm, using Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated evaluators, is pivotal to LLM development, offering scalable feedback for complex tasks. However, the reliability of these judges is compromised by various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Qingquan Li , Shaoyu Dou , Kailai Shao , Chao Chen , Haixiang Hu

The evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs is increasingly performed by other LLMs, a setup commonly known as "LLM-as-a-judge", or autograders. While autograders offer a scalable alternative to human evaluation, they have shown…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Magda Dubois , Harry Coppock , Mario Giulianelli , Timo Flesch , Lennart Luettgau , Cozmin Ududec

Using a language model to score or rank candidate responses has become a scalable alternative to human evaluation in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) pipelines, benchmarking, and application layer evaluations. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Ryan Lail , Luke Markham

Work on instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) has used automatic methods based on text overlap and LLM judgments as cost-effective alternatives to human evaluation. In this paper, we perform a meta-evaluation of such methods and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Oskar Holmström , Marco Kuhlmann

This study investigates whether repeating questions within prompts influences the performance of large language models (LLMs). We hypothesize that reiterating a question within a single prompt might enhance the model's focus on key elements…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Sagi Shaier , Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses. Nevertheless, their robustness is still far from optimal, as they may generate significantly inconsistent responses…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chong Meng , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

Audio-aware large language models (ALLMs) can understand the textual and non-textual information in the audio input. In this paper, we explore using ALLMs as an automatic judge to assess the speaking styles of speeches. We use ALLM judges…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-09 Cheng-Han Chiang , Xiaofei Wang , Chung-Ching Lin , Kevin Lin , Linjie Li , Radu Kopetz , Yao Qian , Zhendong Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Hung-yi Lee , Lijuan Wang

The manual assessment and grading of student writing is a time-consuming yet critical task for teachers. Recent developments in generative AI, such as large language models, offer potential solutions to facilitate essay-scoring tasks for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Kathrin Seßler , Maurice Fürstenberg , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

Personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in diverse applications, where they are assigned a specific persona - such as a happy high school teacher - to guide their responses. While prior research has examined how well…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Manon Reusens , Bart Baesens , David Jurgens

The sampling temperature, a critical hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), modifies the logits before the softmax layer, thereby reshaping the distribution of output tokens. Recent studies have challenged the Stochastic Parrots…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Lujun Li , Lama Sleem , Niccolo' Gentile , Geoffrey Nichil , Radu State

Language models (LMs) should provide reliable confidence estimates to help users detect mistakes in their outputs and defer to human experts when necessary. Asking a language model to assess its confidence ("Score your confidence from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Vaishnavi Shrivastava , Ananya Kumar , Percy Liang

While large pretrained language models (PLMs) demonstrate incredible fluency and performance on many natural language tasks, recent work has shown that well-performing PLMs are very sensitive to what prompts are feed into them. Even when…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-13 Harsh Raj , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

LLM-as-a-judge has become a promising paradigm for using large language models (LLMs) to evaluate natural language generation (NLG), but the uncertainty of its evaluation remains underexplored. This lack of reliability may limit its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Huanxin Sheng , Xinyi Liu , Hangfeng He , Jieyu Zhao , Jian Kang

Purpose: The performance of three different large language models (LLMS) (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and PaLM2) in answering ophthalmology professional questions was evaluated and compared with that of three different professional populations (medical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Jason Holmes , Shuyuan Ye , Yiwei Li , Shi-Nan Wu , Zhengliang Liu , Zihao Wu , Jinyu Hu , Huan Zhao , Xi Jiang , Wei Liu , Hong Wei , Jie Zou , Tianming Liu , Yi Shao

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, reliable evaluation methods are essential particularly for open-ended, instruction-following tasks. LLM-as-a-Judge enables automatic evaluation using LLMs as evaluators, but its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yusuke Yamauchi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Researchers are increasingly using language models (LMs) for text annotation. These approaches rely only on a prompt telling the model to return a given output according to a set of instructions. The reproducibility of LM outputs may…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Christopher Barrie , Elli Palaiologou , Petter Törnberg

In this research study, we empirically investigate the effect of sampling temperature on the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on various problem-solving tasks. We created a multiple-choice question-and-answer (MCQA) exam by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Matthew Renze , Erhan Guven

Despite recent progress in systematic evaluation frameworks, benchmarking the uncertainty of large language models (LLMs) remains a highly challenging task. Existing methods for benchmarking the uncertainty of LLMs face three key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Xunzhi Wang , Zhuowei Zhang , Gaonan Chen , Qiongyu Li , Bitong Luo , Zhixin Han , Haotian Wang , Zhiyu li , Hang Gao , Mengting Hu

Understanding the limits of language is a prerequisite for Large Language Models (LLMs) to act as theories of natural language. LLM performance in some language tasks presents both quantitative and qualitative differences from that of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Vittoria Dentella , Fritz Guenther , Evelina Leivada

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are outputs that are syntactically coherent but factually incorrect or contextually inconsistent. They are persistent obstacles in high-stakes industrial settings such as engineering design,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Brian Freeman , Adam Kicklighter , Matt Erdman , Zach Gordon