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Keyword spotting (KWS) refers to the task of identifying a set of predefined words in audio streams. With the advances seen recently with deep neural networks, it has become a popular technology to activate and control small devices, such…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-25 Heitor R. Guimarães , Arthur Pimentel , Anderson Avila , Tiago H. Falk

Keyword spotting systems for always-on TinyML-constrained applications require on-site tuning to boost the accuracy of offline trained classifiers when deployed in unseen inference conditions. Adapting to the speech peculiarities of target…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-03-13 Cristian Cioflan , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting (SF-KWS) has gained popularity in today's landscape of smart voice-activated devices, smartphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This surge is attributed to the advancements in Deep Learning,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-16 Soumen Garai , Suman Samui

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) is crucial for identifying keywords within audio inputs and is widely used in applications like Apple Siri and Google Home, particularly on edge devices. Current deep learning-based KWS systems, which are…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-01-14 Tianyi Peng , Yang Xiao

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are beginning to benefit from large, public benchmarks. However, current benchmarks target relatively simple, foundational tasks like Speech Detection and Phoneme Classification, while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Gereon Elvers , Gilad Landau , Oiwi Parker Jones

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Smart audio devices are gated by an always-on lightweight keyword spotting program to reduce power consumption. It is however challenging to design models that have both high accuracy and low latency for accurate and fast responsiveness.…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-02-23 Bo Zhang , Wenfeng Li , Qingyuan Li , Weiji Zhuang , Xiangxiang Chu , Yujun Wang

The goal of this work is to detect new spoken terms defined by users. While most previous works address Keyword Spotting (KWS) as a closed-set classification problem, this limits their transferability to unseen terms. The ability to define…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-11-02 Jaemin Jung , Youkyum Kim , Jihwan Park , Youshin Lim , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Youngjoon Jang , Joon Son Chung

Voice assistants are now widely available, and to activate them a keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm is used. Modern KWS systems are mainly trained using supervised learning methods and require a large amount of labelled data to achieve a…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-03-28 Jacob Mørk , Holger Severin Bovbjerg , Gergely Kiss , Zheng-Hua Tan

Thanks to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the accuracy of Keyword Spotting (KWS) has made substantial progress. However, as KWS systems are usually implemented on edge devices, energy efficiency becomes a critical requirement besides…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Shuai Wang , Dehao Zhang , Kexin Shi , Yuchen Wang , Wenjie Wei , Jibin Wu , Malu Zhang

Keyword spotting (KWS) is an important speech processing component for smart devices with voice assistance capability. In this paper, we investigate if Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) can be used to enhance the performance of KWS. We…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-13 Anfeng Xu , Biqiao Zhang , Shuyu Kong , Yiteng Huang , Zhaojun Yang , Sangeeta Srivastava , Ming Sun

Continual test-time adaptive object detection (CTTA-OD) aims to online adapt a source pre-trained detector to ever-changing environments during inference under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA-OD methods prioritize effectiveness…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Kunyu Wang , Xueyang Fu , Xin Lu , Chengjie Ge , Chengzhi Cao , Wei Zhai , Zheng-Jun Zha

On-device training enables the model to adapt to new data collected from the sensors by fine-tuning a pre-trained model. Users can benefit from customized AI models without having to transfer the data to the cloud, protecting the privacy.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-04 Ji Lin , Ligeng Zhu , Wei-Ming Chen , Wei-Chen Wang , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Keyword Spotting (KWS) plays a vital role in human-computer interaction for smart on-device terminals and service robots. It remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy for KWS task. In this paper,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-10-21 Ximin Li , Xiaodong Wei , Xiaowei Qin

Multi-head self-attention forms the core of Transformer networks. However, their quadratically growing complexity with respect to the input sequence length impedes their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. We address this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-08 Zuzana Jelčicová , Marian Verhelst

In this paper, we propose a multilingual query-by-example keyword spotting (KWS) system based on a residual neural network. The model is trained as a classifier on a multilingual keyword dataset extracted from Common Voice sentences and…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-04-20 Paul M. Reuter , Christian Rollwage , Bernd T. Meyer

In this paper, we propose DS-KWS, a two-stage framework for robust user-defined keyword spotting. It combines a CTC-based method with a streaming phoneme search module to locate candidate segments, followed by a QbyT-based method with a…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Yuxin Wang , Shiyi Mu , Shugong Xu , Yongjin Zhou

Detecting occurrences of keywords with keyword spotting (KWS) systems requires thresholding continuous detection scores. Selecting appropriate thresholds is a non-trivial task, typically relying on optimizing performance on a validation…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-23 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Alessia Cornaggia-Urrigshardt , Zheng-Hua Tan

Few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) models usually require large-scale annotated datasets to generalize to unseen target keywords. However, existing KWS datasets are limited in scale and gathering keyword-like labeled data is costly…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-06 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

For practical deep neural network design on mobile devices, it is essential to consider the constraints incurred by the computational resources and the inference latency in various applications. Among deep network acceleration related…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-11-10 Tianli Zhao , Xi Sheryl Zhang , Wentao Zhu , Jiaxing Wang , Sen Yang , Ji Liu , Jian Cheng