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Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have recently found strong evidence for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency regime. As GWs pass, they produce deviations in measured lengths and light-travel times. PTA experiments…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-05-05 Luke Zoltan Kelley

We develop a full-covariance formalism for pulsar timing array(PTA) -- astrometry verlap reduction function (ORF) estimators and use it to forecast graviton-mass constraints from a nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB).…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-04-30 Jing-Hong Han , Zhi-Chao Zhao

We discuss the sensitivity to anisotropies of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) observed via space-based interferometer. In addition to the unresolved galactic binaries as the most promising GWB source of the planned Laser…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Hideaki Kudoh , Atsushi Taruya

We present observations and timing analyses of 68 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) comprising the 15-year data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). NANOGrav is a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-06-29 Gabriella Agazie , Md Faisal Alam , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Laura Blecha , Victoria Bonidie , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Bence Bécsy , Christopher Chapman , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Cody Jessup , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Anastasia Kuske , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Ye Lin , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Kaleb Maraccini , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Elisa Panciu , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Laura Salo , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Carl Schmiedekamp , Ann Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Qiaohong Wang , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

Pulsar timing data used to provide upper limits on a possible stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). However, the NANOGrav Collaboration has recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process, which we…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-02-03 John Ellis , Marek Lewicki

The recently detected stochastic signal by several pulsar timing array collaborations, offers an opportunity to scrutinize the fundamental properties of gravity, including the potential mass of the graviton. In this study, we analyze the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-03-28 Yu-Mei Wu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) created by astrophysical sources in the nearby Universe is likely to be anisotropic. Upper limits on SGWB anisotropy have been produced for all major data-taking runs by the ground-based…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-07-18 Deepali Agarwal , Jishnu Suresh , Sanjit Mitra , Anirban Ain

We introduce a technique for gravitational-wave analysis, where Gaussian process regression is used to emulate the strain spectrum of a stochastic background using population-synthesis simulations. This leads to direct Bayesian inference on…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-05-10 Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph Simon , Laura Sampson

The consortium NANOGrav discovered the isotropic gravitational wave background (GWB) with an amplitude of $h\sim 10^{-15}$ and a frequency of $f\sim 10^{-8}$ Hz using observations of millisecond pulsars. We hypothesize that the GWB is relic…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-10-22 Nick Gorkavyi

Several pulsar timing array (PTA) missions have reported convincing evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background within their latest datasets. This background could originate from an astrophysical source, though there are multiple…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-05-20 Ved Kenjale , Tina Kahniashvili

The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the Universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-04-04 A. Sesana , Z. Haiman , B. Kocsis , L. Z. Kelley

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have recently published the upper limit measurement of persistent directional stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on data from their first and second observing runs (O1 and O2). In this…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2020-12-08 Kate Ziyan Yang , Vuk Mandic , Claudia Scarlata , Sharan Banagiri

Inspiralling supermassive black-hole binaries (SMBHBs) are expected to be the main source of the nanohertz gravitational-wave background (GWB) targeted by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). We provide a simple and general analytic expression for…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-22 Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is one of the main detection targets for future millihertz space-borne gravitational-wave observatories such as the \ac{LISA}, TianQin, and Taiji. For a single LISA-like detector, a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-11-10 Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jianwei Mei

Milli-second pulsars with highly stable periods can be considered as very precise clocks and can be used for pulsar timing array (PTA) which attempts to detect nanoheltz gravitational waves (GWs) directly. Main sources of nanoheltz GWs are…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-12-22 Tomonosuke Kikunaga , Shinnosuke Hisano , Hiroki Kumamoto , Keitaro Takahashi

A population of super-massive black hole binaries is expected to generate a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in the pulsar timing array (PTA) frequency range of $10^{-9}$--$10^{-7}$ Hz. Detection of this signal is a current…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-02-23 Bailey Sykes , Hannah Middleton , Andrew Melatos , Tiziana Di Matteo , Colin DeGraf , Aklant Bhowmick

We discuss the interpretation of the detected signal by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations as a gravitational wave background (GWB) of cosmological origin. We combine NANOGrav 15-years and EPTA-DR2new data sets and confront them against…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-04-29 Daniel G. Figueroa , Mauro Pieroni , Angelo Ricciardone , Peera Simakachorn

General Relativity provides us with an extremely powerful tool to extract at the same time astrophysical and cosmological information from the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds (SGWBs): the cross-correlation with other cosmological…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Angelo Ricciardone , Lorenzo Valbusa Dall'Armi , Nicola Bartolo , Daniele Bertacca , Michele Liguori , Sabino Matarrese

Stochastic background gravitational waves have not yet been detected by ground-based laser interferometric detectors, but recent improvements in detector sensitivity have raised considerable expectations for their eventual detection.…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-12-04 Soichiro Kuwahara , Leo Tsukada