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The ability to physically move qubits within a register allows the design of hardware-specific error-correction codes, which can achieve fault-tolerance while respecting other constraints. In particular, recent advancements have…

Quantum error correction is a cornerstone of reliable quantum computing, with surface codes emerging as a prominent method for protecting quantum information. Surface codes are efficient for Clifford gates but require magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-13 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

Recently, usage of detecting regions facilitated the discovery of new circuits for fault-tolerantly implementing the surface code. Building on these ideas, we present LUCI, a framework for constructing fault-tolerant circuits flexible…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Dripto M. Debroy , Matt McEwen , Craig Gidney , Noah Shutty , Adam Zalcman

Quantum error correction (QEC) with single-shot decoding enables reduction of errors after every single round of noisy stabilizer measurement, easing the time-overhead requirements for fault tolerance. Notably, several classes of quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-07 Shilin Huang , Shruti Puri

In this work we establish lower bounds on the size of Clifford circuits that measure a family of commuting Pauli operators. Our bounds depend on the interplay between a pair of graphs: the Tanner graph of the set of measured Pauli…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-30 Nicolas Delfosse , Michael E. Beverland , Maxime A. Tremblay

In this work, we migrate the quantum error mitigation technique of Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) to fault-tolerant quantum computing. We employ ZNE on logically encoded qubits rather than physical qubits. This approach will be useful in a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-05 Misty A. Wahl , Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , William J. Zeng , Gokul Subramanian Ravi

We present a planar surface-code-based scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation which eliminates the time overhead of single-qubit Clifford gates, and implements long-range multi-target CNOT gates with a time overhead that scales only…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-05-07 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

Generation of logical zero states encoded with a quantum error-correcting code is the first step for fault-tolerant quantum computation, but requires considerably large resource overheads in general. To reduce such overheads, we propose an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-14 Hayato Goto , Yinghao Ho , Taro Kanao

Surface codes are a popular error-correction route to fault-tolerant quantum computation. The so-called exponential backlog problem that can arise when one has to do logical $T$-gates within the surface code demands real-time decoding of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-21 Long D. H. My , Shao-Hen Chiew , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

The recently introduced tile codes are a promising alternative to surface codes, combining two-dimensional locality with higher encoding efficiency. While surface codes are well understood in terms of their logical operators and boundary…

We formulate a bounded distance decoding strategy applicable to all stabilizer codes including both CSS and non-CSS code-families. The framework emerges out of the local Clifford equivalence between arbitrary stabilizer states and graph…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-29 Harikrishnan K J , Amit Kumar Pal

The high overhead of fault-tolerant measurement sequences (FTMSs) poses a major challenge for implementing quantum stabilizer codes. Here, we address this problem by constructing efficient FTMSs for the class of quantum Hamming codes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-16 Sha Shi , Xiao-Yang Xu , Min-Quan Cheng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang

The surface code is a promising platform for a quantum memory, but its threshold under coherent errors remains incompletely understood. We study maximum-likelihood decoding of the square-lattice surface code in the presence of single-qubit…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-05-05 Stephen W. Yan , Yimu Bao , Sagar Vijay

The ability to fault-tolerantly prepare CAT states, also known as multi-qubit GHZ states, is an important primitive for quantum error correction. It is required for Shor-style syndrome extraction, and can also be used as a subroutine for…

Different quantum error correction schemes trade off overhead, error suppression, and hardware connectivity. Code concatenation can relax these tradeoffs by using an outer code whose non-local connectivity is supplied by logical operations…

Decoding a quantum error correction code is generally NP-hard, but corrections must be applied at a high frequency to suppress noise successfully. Matchable codes, like the surface code, exhibit a special structure that makes it possible to…

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

The Shor fault-tolerant error correction (FTEC) scheme uses transversal gates and ancilla qubits prepared in the cat state in syndrome extraction circuits to prevent propagation of errors caused by gate faults. For a stabilizer code of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-08-09 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Balint Pato , Kenneth R. Brown