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Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Large language models are often adapted using parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), formulated as $y = W_0x + BAx$, where $W_0$ is the pre-trained parameters and $x$ is the input to the adapted layer. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Hao Ban , Kaiyi Ji

Fine-tuning is a crucial process for adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse applications. In certain scenarios, such as multi-tenant serving, deploying multiple LLMs becomes necessary to meet complex demands. Recent studies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Bowen Ping , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Xu Han , Yuzhuang Xu , Yukun Yan , Yun Chen , Baobao Chang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have transformed the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling parameter-efficient updates. However, their widespread adoption remains limited by the reliance on GPU-based training. In this work, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Reza Arabpour , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Anastasis Kratsios

Mixed-Precision Quantization~(MQ) can achieve a competitive accuracy-complexity trade-off for models. Conventional training-based search methods require time-consuming candidate training to search optimized per-layer bit-width…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-21 Peijie Dong , Lujun Li , Zimian Wei , Xin Niu , Zhiliang Tian , Hengyue Pan

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is inherently a resource-intensive task. While it can enhance the capabilities of the model, it also incurs substantial computational costs, posing challenges to the practical application of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Yulong Mao , Kaiyu Huang , Changhao Guan , Ganglin Bao , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models for downstream tasks has become a fundamental approach in natural language processing. Fully fine-tuning all model parameters is computationally expensive and memory-intensive, especially in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Yu Chen , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yue Du , Bin Li

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces a model's memory footprint by mapping full precision weights into low bit weights without costly retraining, but can degrade its downstream performance especially in low 2- to 3-bit settings. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Hanqi Xiao , Yi-Lin Sung , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

The rapid scaling of language models (LMs) has resulted in unprecedented computational, memory, and energy requirements, making their training and deployment increasingly unsustainable. Quantization has emerged as an essential compression…

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a predominant parameter-efficient finetuning method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures demonstrate superior energy efficiency due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Taiqiang Wu , Chenchen Ding , Wenyong Zhou , Yuxin Cheng , Xincheng Feng , Shuqi Wang , Wendong Xu , Chufan Shi , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

Quantizing neural networks is one of the most effective methods for achieving efficient inference on mobile and embedded devices. In particular, mixed precision quantized (MPQ) networks, whose layers can be quantized to different bitwidths,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-11 Jorn Peters , Marios Fournarakis , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

While federated learning (FL) systems often utilize quantization to battle communication and computational bottlenecks, they have heretofore been limited to deploying fixed-precision quantization schemes. Meanwhile, the concept of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-01 Huancheng Chen , Haris Vikalo

Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational plasticity required for high-entropy knowledge injection, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Haozhan Tang , Xiuqi Zhu , Xinyin Zhang , Boxun Li , Virginia Smith , Kevin Kuo

The parameter-efficient fine-tuning paradigm has garnered significant attention with the advancement of foundation models. Although numerous methods have been proposed to reduce the number of trainable parameters, their substantial memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Jiang-Xin Shi , Wen-Da Wei , Jin-Fei Qi , Xuanyu Chen , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li

Fine-tuning techniques based on Large Pretrained Language Models (LPLMs) have been proven to significantly enhance model performance on a variety of downstream tasks and effectively control the output behaviors of LPLMs. Recent studies have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yang Li , Yi Zeng

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a primary approach for deploying large language models without fine-tuning, and the quantized performance is often strongly affected by the calibration in PTQ. By contrast, in vision-language models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Zhenhao Shang , Haizhao Jing , Guoting Wei , Haokui Zhang , Rong Xiao , Jianqing Gao , Peng Wang

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu