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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving reasoning language models on tasks such as mathematics, coding, and scientific question answering. However, widely used group-relative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using rule-based binary feedback. However, current RLVR methods typically assign the same reward to every token.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Guofu Xie , Yunsheng Shi , Hongtao Tian , Ting Yao , Xiao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has catalyzed significant advances in the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, effectively managing the exploration and exploitation trade-off remains a…

Traditional vision-language models struggle with contrastive fine-grained taxonomic reasoning, particularly when distinguishing between visually similar species within the same genus or family. We introduce TaxonRL, a reinforcement learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Maximilian von Klinski , Maximilian Schall

The decompose-then-verify strategy for verification of Large Language Model (LLM) generations decomposes claims that are then independently verified. Decontextualization augments text (claims) to ensure it can be verified outside of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Miriam Wanner , Benjamin Van Durme , Mark Dredze

In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects optimizing reasoning quality. Bringing process-level supervision into RL is appealing, but it faces…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Lishui Fan , Yu Zhang , Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, existing methods suffer from an exploration dilemma: the sharply peaked initial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yuhua Jiang , Jiawei Huang , Yufeng Yuan , Xin Mao , Yu Yue , Qianchuan Zhao , Lin Yan

Dense image captioning is critical for cross-modal alignment in vision-language pretraining and text-to-image generation, but scaling expert-quality annotations is prohibitively expensive. While synthetic captioning via strong…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Tzu-Heng Huang , Sirajul Salekin , Javier Movellan , Frederic Sala , Manjot Bilkhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous state-action spaces remains challenging in scientific computing due to poor sample efficiency and lack of pathwise physical consistency. We introduce Differential Reinforcement Learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Minh Nguyen , Chandrajit Bajaj

Verification is crucial for effective mathematical reasoning. We present a new temporal consistency method where verifiers iteratively refine their judgments based on the previous assessment. Unlike one-round verification or multi-model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Jiacheng Guo , Yue Wu , Jiahao Qiu , Kaixuan Huang , Xinzhe Juan , Ling Yang , Mengdi Wang

Group relative policy optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated significant potential in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning. However, its practical deployment is impeded by an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Yizhou Zhang , Ning Lv , Teng Wang , Jisheng Dang

Test-time scaling methods have seen a rapid increase in popularity for its computational efficiency and parameter-independent training to improve reasoning performance on Large Language Models. One such method is called budget forcing, a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Ravindra Aribowo Tarunokusumo , Rafael Fernandes Cunha

Self-Distillation Policy Optimization (SDPO) provides dense token-level credit assignment for reinforcement learning with large language models by leveraging the model's own feedback-conditioned predictions as a self-teacher. Unlike GRPO,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Zehao Liu , Yuanpu Cao , Jinghui Chen , Vasant G. Honavar

We present a novel approach for training small language models for reasoning-intensive document ranking that combines knowledge distillation with reinforcement learning optimization. While existing methods often rely on expensive human…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Chris Samarinas , Hamed Zamani

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a dominant technique for fine-tuning the behavior of large language models, with policy optimization (PO) algorithms such as GRPO, DAPO, and Dr. GRPO emerging in rapid succession to advance…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Aeree Cho , Alexander D. Greenhalgh , Jonathan Bodea , Anthony Peng , Duen Horng , Chau

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

The field of text-conditioned image generation has made unparalleled progress with the recent advent of latent diffusion models. While remarkable, as the complexity of given text input increases, the state-of-the-art diffusion models may…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-07 Jaskirat Singh , Liang Zheng

Post-training paradigms for Large Language Models (LLMs), primarily Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL), face a fundamental dilemma: SFT provides stability (low variance) but suffers from high fitting bias, while RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Taojie Zhu , Dongyang Xu , Ding Zou , Sen Zhao , Qiaobo Hao , Zhiguo Yang , Yonghong He

Large Language Models (LLMs) that can continually improve beyond their training budgets are able to solve increasingly difficult problems by adapting at test time, a property we refer to as extrapolation. However, standard reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Ian Wu , Yuxiao Qu , Amrith Setlur , Aviral Kumar

Contrastive reinforcement learning (CRL) learns goal-conditioned Q-values through a contrastive objective over state-action and goal representations, removing the need for hand-crafted reward functions. Despite impressive success in…