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Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration of diverse actions by the model during…

Reliability and failure detection of large language models (LLMs) is critical for their deployment in high-stakes, multi-step reasoning tasks. Prior work explores confidence estimation for self-evaluating LLM-scorer systems, with confidence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Vaibhav Mavi , Shubh Jaroria , Weiqi Sun

Recent LLMs have hundreds of billions of parameters consuming vast resources. Furthermore, the so called "AI scaling law" for transformers suggests that the number of parameters must scale linearly with the size of the data. In response, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 B. N. Kausik

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming web search by shifting from document ranking to synthesizing answers, and are increasingly deployed as autonomous agentic search systems that iteratively interact with external knowledge…

Large Language Models demonstrate strong reasoning and generation abilities, yet their behavior in multi-turn tasks often lacks reliability and verifiability. We present a task completion framework that enables LLM-based agents to act under…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Gonca Gürsun

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR) is the task of inferring new knowledge by performing logical deductions on knowledge graphs. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks. Despite…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Yu Liu , Xixun Lin , Yanmin Shang , Yangxi Li , Shi Wang , Yanan Cao

We present an algorithm for skill discovery from expert demonstrations. The algorithm first utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) to propose an initial segmentation of the trajectories. Following that, a hierarchical variational inference…

LLMs are widely used for code generation and mathematical reasoning tasks where they are required to generate structured output. They either need to reason about code, generate code for a given specification, or reason using programs of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Poorva Garg , Renato Lui Geh , Daniel Israel , Todd Millstein , Kyle Richardson , Guy Van den Broeck

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced complex reasoning capabilities, particularly through extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that incorporates mechanisms such as backtracking,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Baohao Liao , Xinyi Chen , Sara Rajaee , Yuhui Xu , Christian Herold , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke , Christof Monz

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks thanks to advances in their reasoning abilities. However, existing methods overlook the trade-off between reasoning effectiveness and efficiency, often encouraging unnecessarily long…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Zeen Song , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in a multitude of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, they encounter challenges in practical applications, including issues with hallucinations, inadequate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-13 Yihao Li , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks by leveraging increased test-time computation and exhibiting behaviors reminiscent of human-like self-reflection. While LRMs show a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Leyang Cui , Rob Voigt

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that in order to develop a holistic understanding of these systems we need to consider the problem that they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 R. Thomas McCoy , Shunyu Yao , Dan Friedman , Matthew Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant limitations when applied to large-scale graphs, struggling with context constraints and inflexible reasoning. We present GraphChain, a framework that enables LLMs to analyze complex graphs…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Chunyu Wei , Wenji Hu , Xingjia Hao , Xin Wang , Yifan Yang , Yueguo Chen , Yang Tian , Yunhai Wang

It is important for Large Language Models (LLMs) to be aware of the boundary of their knowledge, distinguishing queries they can confidently answer from those that lie beyond their capabilities. Such awareness enables models to perform…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Lihu Chen , Gerard de Melo , Fabian M. Suchanek , Gaël Varoquaux

Mathematical reasoning has been challenging for large language models (LLMs), and the introduction of step-by-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) inference has significantly advanced the mathematical capabilities of LLMs. However, current…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Lang Cao , Yingtian Zou , Chao Peng , Renhong Chen , Wu Ning , Yitong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks, but they still suffer from challenges such as hallucination and weak numerical reasoning. To overcome these challenges, external tools can be used…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-26 Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Kuan Wang , Haotian Sun , Chao Zhang

To achieve faithful reasoning that aligns with human expectations, large language models (LLMs) need to ground their reasoning to real-world knowledge (e.g., web facts, math and physical rules). Tools help LLMs access this external…

There is considerable confusion about the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in planning and reasoning tasks. On one side are over-optimistic claims that LLMs can indeed do these tasks with just the right prompting or self-verification…

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