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Recent LLMs increasingly integrate reasoning mechanisms like Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, this explicit reasoning exposes a new attack surface for inference-time backdoors, which inject malicious reasoning paths without altering model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Seong-Gyu Park , Sohee Park , Jisu Lee , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Large language model (LLM)-based embedding models, benefiting from large scale pre-training and post-training, have begun to surpass BERT and T5-based models on general-purpose text embedding tasks such as document retrieval. However, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Siyue Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Liyuan Geng , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

In recent years, diffusion based methods have emerged as a powerful paradigm for generative modeling. Although discrete diffusion for natural language processing has been explored to a lesser extent, it shows promise for tasks requiring…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Andrew Kiruluta , Andreas Lemos

The modern autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance on NLP benchmarks, and they are deployed in the real world. However, they still suffer from limitations of the autoregressive training paradigm.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have shown strong potential for general natural language tasks with in-context examples. However, due to the bidirectional attention mechanism, DLMs incur substantial computational cost as context length…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Yang Li , Han Meng , Chenan Wang , Haipeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at problem solving by generating chain of thoughts in natural language, but such verbal thinking is computationally costly and prone to overthinking. A recent work instead proposes a latent thinking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Hanwen Du , Yuxin Dong , Xia Ning

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as promising alternatives to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. Recently, this paradigm has been extended to multimodal tasks, leading to the development of diffusion multimodal large language…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Keuntae Kim , Mingyu Kang , Yong Suk Choi

Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…

While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance by scaling test-time compute, they frequently suffer from Cognitive Inertia, a failure pattern manifesting as either overthinking (inertia of motion) or reasoning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Seojin Lee , ByeongJeong Kim , Hwanhee Lee

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models and a promising route to fast language generation, but practical implementations typically rely on factored reverse transitions ignoring cross-token dependencies and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Dario Shariatian , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli , Stefano Peluchetti

Latent reasoning represents a new development in Transformer language models that has shown potential in compressing reasoning lengths compared to chain-of-thought reasoning. By directly passing the information-rich previous final latent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Alex Ning , Yen-Ling Kuo , Gabe Gomes

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

Reinforcement learning has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, but most existing methods optimize policies over discrete token sequences. This creates a mismatch between the optimization space and the structure of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Unified architectures in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have shown promise in handling diverse tasks within a single framework. In the text-to-speech (TTS) task, current MLLM-based approaches rely on discrete token representations,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-27 Xinlu He , Swayambhu Nath Ray , Harish Mallidi , Jia-Hong Huang , Ashwin Bellur , Chander Chandak , M. Maruf , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models can be dynamically optimized using Test-Time Scaling (TTS) to mitigate Overthinking. Methods such as Coconut, SoftCoT and its variant are effective in continuous latent space inference, the core…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Jiaqi Wang , Binquan Ji , Haibo Luo , Yiyang Qi , Ruiting Li , Huiyan Wang , Yuantao Han , Cangyi Yang , jiaxu Zhang , Feiliang Ren

Test-time scaling via recurrent/iterative Transformers enables large language models to spend more computation at inference, but most pretrained recurrent LMs run a fixed number of iterations, wasting compute on easy tokens and lacking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Shixiang Song , He Li , Zitong Wang , Boyi Zeng , Feichen Song , Yixuan Wang , Zhiqin John Xu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Autoregressive and diffusion models represent two complementary generative paradigms. Autoregressive models excel at sequential planning and constraint composition, yet struggle with tasks that require explicit spatial or physical…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Mu Yuan , Liekang Zeng , Guoliang Xing , Lan Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved strong results in text generation. However, their multi-step sampling leads to slow inference, limiting practical use. To address this, we extend Inverse Distillation, a technique…