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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities when guided by high-quality demonstrations, yet such data is often distributed across organizations that cannot centralize it due to regulatory, proprietary, or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Ruhan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Junda Wu , Rui Wang , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao , Dongruo Zhou

Improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies either on the model's ability to sample a correct solution to be reinforced or on the existence of a stronger model able to solve the problem. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Ethan Mendes , Jungsoo Park , Alan Ritter

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across language tasks, but are costly to deploy due to their size and resource demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) addresses this by training smaller Student models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Stella Eva Tsiapali , Cong-Thanh Do , Kate Knill

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) faces considerable challenges concerning resource constraints and inference efficiency. Recent research has increasingly focused on smaller, task-specific models enhanced by distilling…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-20 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Yiqing Cai , Hang Song , Qi Qi , Ran Zhou , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang , Li Xiao

In real-world NLP applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions due to their extensive training on vast datasets. However, the large size and high computation demands of LLMs limit their practicality in many…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Juanhui Li , Sreyashi Nag , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sheikh Sarwar , Limeng Cui , Hansu Gu , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is known as a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) via transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Songming Zhang , Xue Zhang , Zengkui Sun , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable success on various natural language understanding tasks. Simple fine-tuning of PLMs, on the other hand, might be suboptimal for domain-specific tasks because they cannot possibly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-05 Minki Kang , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative training paradigm, particularly invaluable in privacy-sensitive domains like healthcare. However, client heterogeneity in data, computing power, and tasks poses a significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Huidong Tang , Chen Li , Huachong Yu , Sayaka Kamei , Yasuhiko Morimoto

Diffusion models excel at generating high-quality outputs but face challenges in data-scarce domains, where exhaustive retraining or costly paired data are often required. To address these limitations, we propose Latent Aligned Diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xuqin Wang , Tao Wu , Yanfeng Zhang , Lu Liu , Dong Wang , Mingwei Sun , Yongliang Wang , Niclas Zeller , Daniel Cremers

Large language models (LLMs) show great promise in healthcare, but their applications are hindered by data privacy restrictions and the challenges of cross-institution collaboration. Sensitive medical data cannot be centralized, while…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Zeyu Chen , Yun Ji , Bowen Wang , Liwen Shi , Zijie Zeng , Sheng Zhang

Despite being pretrained on multilingual corpora, large language models (LLMs) exhibit suboptimal performance on low-resource languages. Recent approaches have leveraged multilingual encoders alongside LLMs by introducing trainable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Federated Averaging, and many federated learning algorithm variants which build upon it, have a limitation: all clients must share the same model architecture. This results in unused modeling capacity on many clients, which limits model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Jared Lichtarge , Ehsan Amid , Shankar Kumar , Tien-Ju Yang , Rohan Anil , Rajiv Mathews

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text representative of diverse sub-populations is essential, particularly when key concepts related to under-represented groups are scarce in the training data. We address this challenge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in leveraging comprehensive world knowledge and sophisticated reasoning mechanisms for recommendation tasks. However, a notable limitation lies in their inability to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Zihan Wang , Jinghao Lin , Xiaocui Yang , Yongkang Liu , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet aligning such abilities to small language models (SLMs) remains a challenge due to distributional mismatches and limited model capacity. Existing reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Yong Wu , Weihang Pan , Ke Li , Chen Binhui , Ping Li , Binbin Lin

Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a possible way to tackle the domain shift in real-world Semantic Segmentation (SS) without compromising the private nature of the collected data. However, most of the existing works on FL…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-06 Donald Shenaj , Eros Fanì , Marco Toldo , Debora Caldarola , Antonio Tavera , Umberto Michieli , Marco Ciccone , Pietro Zanuttigh , Barbara Caputo

The prevailing approach to distilling reasoning from Large Language Models (LLMs)-behavioral cloning from textual rationales-is fundamentally limited. It teaches Small Language Models (SLMs) to mimic surface-level patterns rather than the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Xiangyu Wen , Junhua Huang , Zeju Li , Min Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Zhijian Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Yongxiang Huang , Qiang Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) based on low-rank adaptation (LoRA) enables mobile devices with multi-task datasets to collaboratively fine-tune a large language model (LLM) by exchanging locally updated parameters with a subset of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Nuocheng Yang , Sihua Wang , Ouwen Huan , Mingzhe Chen , Tony Q. S. Quek , Changchuan Yin

As large language models (LLMs) demonstrate unparalleled performance and generalization ability, LLMs are widely used and integrated into various applications. When it comes to sensitive domains, as commonly described in federated learning…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Haoran Li , Xinyuan Zhao , Dadi Guo , Hanlin Gu , Ziqian Zeng , Yuxing Han , Yangqiu Song , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang