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Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) share many commonalities, including an agent who learns while interacts, a long-term and complex goal, and an algorithm that explores and adapts. To successfully apply…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2021-06-10 Limin Chen , Zhiwen Tang , Grace Hui Yang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling autonomous agents that can conduct effective multi-turn and tool-integrated reasoning. While instructions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) has emerged as a promising direction by extending Large Language Models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools during reasoning. Existing TIR methods typically rely on external tool documentation during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Fan Liu , Hongru Wang , Min Yang , Wenjie Li

Prompt engineering plays a critical role in adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex reasoning and labeling tasks without the need for extensive fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt optimization pipeline for frame…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Do Minh Duc , Quan Xuan Truong , Nguyen Tat Dat , Nguyen Van Vinh

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been widely used as recommender systems, owing to their reasoning capability and effectiveness in handling cold-start items. A common approach prompts an LLM with a target user's purchase history…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Sunwoo Kim , Geon Lee , Kyungho Kim , Jaemin Yoo , Kijung Shin

There is increasing interest in distilling task-specific knowledge from large language models (LLM) to smaller student models. Nonetheless, LLM distillation presents a dual challenge: 1) there is a high cost associated with querying the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Yuhang Zhou , Wei Ai

Retrieving and extracting knowledge from extensive research documents and large databases presents significant challenges for researchers, students, and professionals in today's information-rich era. Existing retrieval systems, which rely…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Mohammed-Khalil Ghali , Abdelrahman Farrag , Daehan Won , Yu Jin

Complex dialog systems often use retrieved evidence to facilitate factual responses. Such RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) systems retrieve from massive heterogeneous data stores that are usually architected as multiple indexes or APIs…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-08-01 Ashutosh Joshi , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Samarth Varshney , Sreyashi Nag , Shrivats Agrawal , Juhi Naik

Using tools by Large Language Models (LLMs) is a promising avenue to extend their reach beyond language or conversational settings. The number of tools can scale to thousands as they enable accessing sensory information, fetching updated…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Mohammad Kachuee , Sarthak Ahuja , Vaibhav Kumar , Puyang Xu , Xiaohu Liu

In this paper, we investigate how efficiently large language models (LLM) can be trained to check whether an answer is already stored in their parametric memory. We distill an LLM-as-a-judge to compute the IK (I Know) score. We found that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Hervé Déjean

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) typically requires thousands of benchmark items, making the process expensive, slow, and increasingly impractical at scale. Existing evaluation protocols rely on average accuracy over fixed item sets,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Peiyu Li , Xiuxiu Tang , Si Chen , Ying Cheng , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising basis for creating agents that can tackle complex tasks through iterative environmental interaction. Existing methods either require these agents to mimic expert-provided trajectories or rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Dihong Gong , Pu Lu , Zelong Wang , Meng Zhou , Xiuqiang He

Large language models (LLMs) are fluent but largely static after pre-training; new or shifting knowledge is typically added with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) or fine-tuning. RAG raises latency and engineering overhead and often…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Rimom Costa

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across multi-domain tasks. Existing agent tuning approaches typically employ supervised finetuning on entire expert trajectories. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Zhixun Chen , Ming Li , Yuxuan Huang , Yali Du , Meng Fang , Tianyi Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM) agents offer a powerful new paradigm for solving various problems by combining natural language reasoning with the execution of external tools. However, their dynamic and non-transparent behavior introduces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Peiran Wang , Yang Liu , Yunfei Lu , Yifeng Cai , Hongbo Chen , Qingyou Yang , Jie Zhang , Jue Hong , Ye Wu

The research field of Information Retrieval (IR) has evolved significantly, expanding beyond traditional search to meet diverse user information needs. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in…

The combination of LLM agents with external tools enables models to solve complex tasks beyond their knowledge base. Human-designed tools are inflexible and restricted to solutions within the scope of pre-existing tools created by experts.…

The emergence of large language model (LLM)-based agents has significantly advanced the development of autonomous machine learning (ML) engineering. However, the dominant prompt-based paradigm exhibits limitations: smaller models lack the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Zexi Liu , Jingyi Chai , Xinyu Zhu , Shuo Tang , Rui Ye , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai , Siheng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) often do not perform well on queries that require the aggregation of information across texts. To better evaluate this setting and facilitate modeling efforts, we introduce TACT - Text And Calculations through…

Autonomous driving has made significant strides through data-driven techniques, achieving robust performance in standardized tasks. However, existing methods frequently overlook user-specific preferences, offering limited scope for…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Yicheng Guo , Yuhang Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun