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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, the reliability assessment of MoE lags behind its surging applications. Moreover, when transferred to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Guanjie Chen , Xinyu Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Yu Cheng

We present ZAYA1-8B, a reasoning-focused mixture-of-experts (MoE) model with 700M active and 8B total parameters, built on Zyphra's MoE++ architecture. ZAYA1-8B's core pretraining, midtraining, and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) were…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a key strategy for scaling large language models (LLMs) efficiently. However, current MoE systems suffer from severe load imbalance, where only a small subset of experts is consistently…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Jiajie Yang

Time series forecasting models are increasingly scaled through large Transformer backbones, yet most existing approaches process all series through a shared dense computation path despite substantial heterogeneity in temporal structure.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Rui Wang , Renhao Xue , Ray Razi , Huan Song , Hannah R. Marlowe

Conventional large language models (LLMs) are equipped with dozens of GB to TB of model parameters, making inference highly energy-intensive and costly as all the weights need to be loaded to onboard processing elements during computation.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Wei-Hsing Huang , Janak Sharda , Cheng-Jhih Shih , Yuyao Kong , Faaiq Waqar , Pin-Jun Chen , Yingyan , Lin , Shimeng Yu

Pre-trained models have achieved state-of-the-art results in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Recent works such as T5 and GPT-3 have shown that scaling up pre-trained language models can improve their generalization…

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) offers an appealing solution to scale up the model complexity beyond the mean of increasing the network's depth or width. However, we argue that effective SMoE training remains challenging because of the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Nam V. Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Quang Pham , Van Nguyen , Savitha Ramasamy , Nhat Ho

In recent years, a plethora of open-source foundation models have emerged, achieving remarkable progress in some widely attended fields, with performance being quite close to that of closed-source models. However, in high-value but more…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Lei Bai , Zhongrui Cai , Yuhang Cao , Maosong Cao , Weihan Cao , Chiyu Chen , Haojiong Chen , Kai Chen , Pengcheng Chen , Ying Chen , Yongkang Chen , Yu Cheng , Pei Chu , Tao Chu , Erfei Cui , Ganqu Cui , Long Cui , Ziyun Cui , Nianchen Deng , Ning Ding , Nanqing Dong , Peijie Dong , Shihan Dou , Sinan Du , Haodong Duan , Caihua Fan , Ben Gao , Changjiang Gao , Jianfei Gao , Songyang Gao , Yang Gao , Zhangwei Gao , Jiaye Ge , Qiming Ge , Lixin Gu , Yuzhe Gu , Aijia Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xu Guo , Conghui He , Junjun He , Yili Hong , Siyuan Hou , Caiyu Hu , Hanglei Hu , Jucheng Hu , Ming Hu , Zhouqi Hua , Haian Huang , Junhao Huang , Xu Huang , Zixian Huang , Zhe Jiang , Lingkai Kong , Linyang Li , Peiji Li , Pengze Li , Shuaibin Li , Tianbin Li , Wei Li , Yuqiang Li , Dahua Lin , Junyao Lin , Tianyi Lin , Zhishan Lin , Hongwei Liu , Jiangning Liu , Jiyao Liu , Junnan Liu , Kai Liu , Kaiwen Liu , Kuikun Liu , Shichun Liu , Shudong Liu , Wei Liu , Xinyao Liu , Yuhong Liu , Zhan Liu , Yinquan Lu , Haijun Lv , Hongxia Lv , Huijie Lv , Qitan Lv , Ying Lv , Chengqi Lyu , Chenglong Ma , Jianpeng Ma , Ren Ma , Runmin Ma , Runyuan Ma , Xinzhu Ma , Yichuan Ma , Zihan Ma , Sixuan Mi , Junzhi Ning , Wenchang Ning , Xinle Pang , Jiahui Peng , Runyu Peng , Yu Qiao , Jiantao Qiu , Xiaoye Qu , Yuan Qu , Yuchen Ren , Fukai Shang , Wenqi Shao , Junhao Shen , Shuaike Shen , Chunfeng Song , Demin Song , Diping Song , Chenlin Su , Weijie Su , Weigao Sun , Yu Sun , Qian Tan , Cheng Tang , Huanze Tang , Kexian Tang , Shixiang Tang , Jian Tong , Aoran Wang , Bin Wang , Dong Wang , Lintao Wang , Rui Wang , Weiyun Wang , Wenhai Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Yi Wang , Ziyi Wang , Ling-I Wu , Wen Wu , Yue Wu , Zijian Wu , Linchen Xiao , Shuhao Xing , Chao Xu , Huihui Xu , Jun Xu , Ruiliang Xu , Wanghan Xu , GanLin Yang , Yuming Yang , Haochen Ye , Jin Ye , Shenglong Ye , Jia Yu , Jiashuo Yu , Jing Yu , Fei Yuan , Yuhang Zang , Bo Zhang , Chao Zhang , Chen Zhang , Hongjie Zhang , Jin Zhang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Qiuyinzhe Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Taolin Zhang , Wenlong Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Yechen Zhang , Ziyang Zhang , Haiteng Zhao , Qian Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Bowen Zhou , Dongzhan Zhou , Peiheng Zhou , Yuhao Zhou , Yunhua Zhou , Dongsheng Zhu , Lin Zhu , Yicheng Zou

Pre-trained language models have achieved state-of-the-art results in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. GPT-3 has shown that scaling up pre-trained language models can further exploit their enormous potential. A unified…

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture is an important method for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). It increases model capacity while keeping computation cost low. However, the ultra-large MoE models still have hundreds of billions…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Yixiao Chen , Yanyue Xie , Ruining Yang , Wei Jiang , Wei Wang , Yong He , Yue Chen , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have recently demonstrated exceptional performance across a diverse range of applications. The principle of sparse activation in MoE models facilitates an offloading strategy, wherein active experts are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Yushu Zhao , Yubin Qin , Yang Wang , Xiaolong Yang , Huiming Han , Shaojun Wei , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

Recent advancements in scaling up models have significantly improved performance in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tasks. However, training large ASR models from scratch remains costly. To address this issue, we introduce UME, a novel…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-24 Li Fu , Shanyong Yu , Siqi Li , Lu Fan , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient model scaling, yet expert routing behavior across underrepresented languages remains poorly understood. We analyze routing dynamics in two architecturally distinct MoE models -- a pure…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Ori Bar Joseph , Smadar Arvatz , Noam Kayzer , Dan Revital , Sarel Weinberger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly deployed as dense transformers, where every parameter in every feed-forward block is activated for every token. While architecturally simple, this is computationally inefficient, since…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Ivan Novikov

Mixture of experts (MoE) architectures have become a cornerstone for scaling up and are a key component in most large language models such as GPT-OSS, DeepSeek-V3, Llama-4, and Gemini-2.5. However, systematic research on MoE remains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Nam V. Nguyen , Thong T. Doan , Luong Tran , Van Nguyen , Quang Pham

For Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, an unbalanced expert load will lead to routing collapse or increased computational overhead. Existing methods commonly employ an auxiliary loss to encourage load balance, but a large auxiliary loss will…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-29 Lean Wang , Huazuo Gao , Chenggang Zhao , Xu Sun , Damai Dai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable proficiency in general natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Instruction tuning, a successful paradigm, enhances the ability of LLMs to follow natural language instructions and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Haoyuan Wu , Haisheng Zheng , Zhuolun He , Bei Yu

We present MegaScale-MoE, a production system tailored for the efficient training of large-scale mixture-of-experts (MoE) models. MoE emerges as a promising architecture to scale large language models (LLMs) to unprecedented sizes, thereby…

Bimanual robot manipulators can achieve impressive dexterity, but typically rely on two full six- or seven- degree-of-freedom arms so that paired grippers can coordinate effectively. This traditional framework increases system complexity…