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Scaling up the number of parameters of language models has proven to be an effective approach to improve performance. For dense models, increasing model size proportionally increases the model's computation footprint. In this work, we seek…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , James Lee-Thorp , Isaac Noble , Chung-Ching Chang , David Uthus

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can outperform dense large language models at similar computation by activating only a small set of experts per token. However, stacking many expert modules introduces substantial parameter memory,…

Linear Mode Connectivity (LMC) is a notable phenomenon in the loss landscapes of neural networks, wherein independently trained models have been observed to be connected--up to permutation symmetries--by linear paths in parameter space…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Viet-Hoang Tran , Van Hoan Trinh , Khanh Vinh Bui , Tan M. Nguyen

Vision Transformers have emerged as the state-of-the-art models in various Computer Vision tasks, but their high computational and resource demands pose significant challenges. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) can make these models more…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Uranik Berisha , Jens Mehnert , Alexandru Paul Condurache

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models typically fix the number of activated experts $k$ at both training and inference. However, real-world deployments often face heterogeneous hardware, fluctuating workloads, and diverse quality-latency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Yuchen Feng , Yilong Chen , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is an emerging technique for scaling large models with sparse activation. MoE models are typically trained in a distributed manner with an expert parallelism scheme, where experts in each MoE layer are distributed…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Fahao Chen , Peng Li , Zicong Hong , Zhou Su , Song Guo

The emergence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs has significantly advanced the development of language models. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs outperform traditional LLMs by achieving higher performance with considerably fewer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Cheng Yang , Yang Sui , Jinqi Xiao , Lingyi Huang , Yu Gong , Yuanlin Duan , Wenqi Jia , Miao Yin , Yu Cheng , Bo Yuan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformers have made significant strides in recent years, the success of which is driven by scaling up their model size. Despite their high algorithmic performance, the computational and memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Ranggi Hwang , Jianyu Wei , Shijie Cao , Changho Hwang , Xiaohu Tang , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

Transformer models can face practical limitations due to their high computational requirements. At the same time, such models exhibit significant activation sparsity, which can be leveraged to reduce the inference cost by converting parts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Filip Szatkowski , Bartosz Wójcik , Mikołaj Piórczyński , Simone Scardapane

Neurons in large language models often exhibit \emph{polysemanticity}, simultaneously encoding multiple unrelated concepts and obscuring interpretability. Instead of relying on post-hoc methods, we present \textbf{MoE-X}, a…

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Haoze He , Xingyuan Ding , Xuan Jiang , Xinkai Zou , Alex Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Juncheng Billy Li , Heather Miller

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo

The surgence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models promises a small price of execution cost for a much larger model parameter count and learning capacity, because only a small fraction of parameters are activated for each…