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Post-training (via supervised fine-tuning) improves instruction-following, but often induces semantic mode collapse by biasing models toward low-entropy fine-tuning data at the expense of the high-entropy pretraining distribution.…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in processing long contexts but still struggle with long-context reasoning. Existing approaches typically involve fine-tuning LLMs with synthetic data, which depends on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Zesen Cheng , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Background: The radiation oncology clinical practice involves many steps relying on the dynamic interplay of abundant text data. Large language models have displayed remarkable capabilities in processing complex text information. But their…

Despite significant progress in applying large language models (LLMs) to the medical domain, several limitations still prevent them from practical applications. Among these are the constraints on model size and the lack of cohort-specific…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-26 Yishu Wei , Xindi Wang , Hanley Ong , Yiliang Zhou , Adam Flanders , George Shih , Yifan Peng

Large language models (LLMs) can potentially democratize access to medical knowledge. While many efforts have been made to harness and improve LLMs' medical knowledge and reasoning capacities, the resulting models are either closed-source…

The use of propagandistic techniques in online content has increased in recent years aiming to manipulate online audiences. Fine-grained propaganda detection and extraction of textual spans where propaganda techniques are used, are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Maram Hasanain , Fatema Ahmad , Firoj Alam

Fact-checking is extensively studied in the context of misinformation and disinformation, addressing objective inaccuracies. However, a softer form of misinformation involves responses that are factually correct but lack certain features…

This study examines whether Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can approximate the performance of fully fine-tuned models in generating human-interpretable decisions and explanations for malware…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Stephen C. Gravereaux , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized NLP research. Notably, in-context learning enables their use as evaluation metrics for natural language generation, making them particularly advantageous in low-resource scenarios and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Steffen Eger

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

Fine-tuning large language models for domain-specific tasks such as medical text summarization demands substantial computational resources. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods offer promising alternatives by updating only a small…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Ulugbek Shernazarov , Rostislav Svitsov , Bin Shi

Predictive analysis is a cornerstone of modern decision-making, with applications in various domains. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in enabling nuanced, knowledge-intensive conversations, thus aiding in complex…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Xiaojun Ma , Yuyang Shi

Selecting high-quality pre-training data is important for creating capable language models, but existing methods rely on simple heuristics. We introduce QuRating, a method for selecting pre-training data that can capture human intuitions…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Alexander Wettig , Aatmik Gupta , Saumya Malik , Danqi Chen

Background: Clinical documentation represents a significant burden for healthcare providers, with physicians spending up to 2 hours daily on administrative tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer promising solutions,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Johnson Thomas , Ayush Mudgal , Wendao Liu , Nisten Tahiraj , Zeeshaan Mohammed , Dhruv Diddi

The use of language models for automatically evaluating long-form text (LLM-as-a-judge) is becoming increasingly common, yet most LLM judges are optimized exclusively for English, with strategies for enhancing their multilingual evaluation…

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

Low-resource languages face significant barriers in AI development due to limited linguistic resources and expertise for data labeling, rendering them rare and costly. The scarcity of data and the absence of preexisting tools exacerbate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Nataliia Kholodna , Sahib Julka , Mohammad Khodadadi , Muhammed Nurullah Gumus , Michael Granitzer

Effective communication, specifically through documentation, is the beating heart of collaboration among contributors in software development. Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have enabled the introduction of a new type of actor…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-05-17 Bibek Poudel , Adam Cook , Sekou Traore , Shelah Ameli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks across diverse domains. In healthcare, accurate and cost-efficient text classification is crucial, whether for clinical notes…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Ensuring native-like quality of large language model (LLM) responses across many languages is challenging. To address this, we introduce MENLO, a framework that operationalizes the evaluation of native-like response quality based on…