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The remarkable ability of transformers to learn new concepts solely by reading examples within the input prompt, termed in-context learning (ICL), is a crucial aspect of intelligent behavior. Here, we focus on understanding the learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Sara Dragutinović , Andrew M. Saxe , Aaditya K. Singh

The attention mechanism has been the core component in modern transformer architectures. However, the computation of standard full attention scales quadratically with the sequence length, serving as a major bottleneck in long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yusheng Zhao , Hourun Li , Bohan Wu , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Jingyang Yuan , Meng Zhang , Ming Zhang

We introduced a {\it working memory} augmented adaptive controller in our recent work. The controller uses attention to read from and write to the working memory. Attention allows the controller to read specific information that is relevant…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-03-23 Deepan Muthirayan , Scott Nivison , Pramod P. Khargonekar

Transformer-based video diffusion models (VDMs) deliver state-of-the-art video generation quality but are constrained by the quadratic cost of self-attention, making long sequences and high resolutions computationally expensive. While…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Denis Korzhenkov , Amirhossein Habibian

Transformer-based models have demonstrated considerable potential for source code modeling tasks in software engineering. However, they are limited by their dependence solely on automatic self-attention weight learning mechanisms. Previous…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Jiri Gesi , Iftekhar Ahmed

Transformer based models are increasingly being used in various domains including recommender systems (RS). Pretrained transformer models such as BERT have shown good performance at language modelling. With the greater ability to model…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Uzma Mushtaque

Despite the success of Transformers, handling long contexts remains challenging due to the limited length generalization and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Thus Transformers often require post-training with a larger attention…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Xiang Hu , Zhihao Teng , Jun Zhao , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

Following the success of dot-product attention in Transformers, numerous approximations have been recently proposed to address its quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. While these variants are memory and compute efficient,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Guy Dar , Shaya Goodman , David Ciprut , Jonathan Berant

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in contextual understanding. However, their ability to attend to truly critical information during long-context reasoning and generation still falls behind the pace.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Yiju Guo , Wenkai Yang , Zexu Sun , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu , Yankai Lin

Transformers with linear attention allow for efficient parallel training but can simultaneously be formulated as an RNN with 2D (matrix-valued) hidden states, thus enjoying linear-time inference complexity. However, linear attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-28 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda , Yoon Kim

Transformer-based models have achieved dominant performance in numerous NLP tasks. Despite their remarkable successes, pre-trained transformers such as BERT suffer from a computationally expensive self-attention mechanism that interacts…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Jungmin Yun , Mihyeon Kim , Youngbin Kim

Long-context decoding in LLMs is IO-bound: each token re-reads an ever-growing KV cache. Prior accelerations cut bytes via compression, which lowers fidelity, or selection/eviction, which restricts what remains accessible, and both can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Jinghan Yao , Sam Adé Jacobs , Walid Krichene , Masahiro Tanaka , Dhabaleswar K Panda

Long-context LLMs increasingly rely on extended, reusable prefill prompts for agents and domain Q&A, pushing attention and KV-cache to become the dominant decode-time bottlenecks. While sparse attention reduces computation and transfer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Chuxu Song , Zhencan Peng , Jiuqi Wei , Chuanhui Yang

Local-global attention models have recently emerged as compelling alternatives to standard Transformers, promising improvements in both training and inference efficiency. However, the crucial choice of window size presents a Pareto…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Bailin Wang , Chang Lan , Chong Wang , Ruoming Pang

Transformers have been proven a successful model for a variety of tasks in sequence modeling. However, computing the attention matrix, which is their key component, has quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length, thus making…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Apoorv Vyas , Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

The transformer neural network architecture uses a form of attention in which the dot product of query and key is divided by the square root of the key dimension before applying softmax. This scaling of the dot product is designed to avoid…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-17 James Bernhard

Many NLP tasks require processing long contexts beyond the length limit of pretrained models. In order to scale these models to longer text sequences, many efficient long-range attention variants have been proposed. Despite the abundance of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-05 Wenhan Xiong , Barlas Oğuz , Anchit Gupta , Xilun Chen , Diana Liskovich , Omer Levy , Wen-tau Yih , Yashar Mehdad

The Transformer, with its scaled dot-product attention mechanism, has become a foundational architecture in modern AI. However, this mechanism is computationally intensive and incurs substantial energy costs. We propose a new Transformer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Xin Gao , Xingming Xu , Shirin Amiraslani , Hong Xu

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit insufficient visual attention, leading to hallucinations. To alleviate this problem, some previous studies adjust and amplify visual attention. These methods present a limitation that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Jingyi Wang , Fei Li , Rujie Liu