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We investigate learned KV cache compression through Speculative Importance Prediction (SIP), a 1.7M parameter non-query-aware scorer that predicts token importance from KV representations alone. Despite architectural sophistication…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Brady Steele

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted to process long-context tasks. However, the large memory overhead of the key-value (KV) cache poses significant challenges in long-context scenarios. Existing training-free KV cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Luning Wang , Shiyao Li , Xuefei Ning , Zhihang Yuan , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models face severe challenges in computational efficiency and memory consumption due to the substantial expansion of the visual KV cache when processing long visual contexts. Existing KV cache compression methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Sihao Liu , YuFan Xiong , Zhonghua Jiang , Zhaode Wang , chengfei lv Shengyu Zhang

The growing context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) enlarges the Key-Value (KV) cache, limiting deployment in resource-limited environments. Prior training-free approaches for KV cache compression typically rely on low-rank…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Yixuan Wang , Qingyu Shi , Jiayu Zhou , Dianbo Liu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Mixed-precision quantization methods have been proposed to reduce model size while minimizing accuracy degradation. However, existing studies require retraining and do not consider the computational overhead and intermediate representations…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Jeongseok Kim , Jemin Lee , Yongin Kwon , Daeyoung Kim

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on long-context tasks, but are often bottlenecked by memory constraints. Namely, the KV cache, which is used to significantly speed up attention computations, grows…

Recently, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have rapidly gained popularity for their strong generation and reasoning capabilities given diverse multimodal inputs. However, these models incur significant computational and memory overhead…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Ao Wang , Hui Chen , Jiaxin Li , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Zijia Lin , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Transformer-based Large Language Models rely critically on the KV cache to efficiently handle extended contexts during the decode phase. Yet, the size of the KV cache grows proportionally with the input length, burdening both memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Payman Behnam , Yaosheng Fu , Ritchie Zhao , Po-An Tsai , Zhiding Yu , Alexey Tumanov

With the development of large language models (LLMs), efficient inference through Key-Value (KV) cache compression has attracted considerable attention, especially for long-context generation. To compress the KV cache, recent methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Qingyue Yang , Jie Wang , Xing Li , Zhihai Wang , Chen Chen , Lei Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao , Mingxuan Yuan , Bin Li

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods typically rely on heuristics, such as uniform cache allocation across layers or static eviction policies, however, they ignore the critical interplays among layer-specific feature patterns…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Bohan Yu , Yekun Chai

KV cache in autoregressive LLMs eliminates redundant recomputation but has emerged as the dominant memory and bandwidth bottleneck during inference, notably with long contexts and test-time scaling. KV quantization is a key lever for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Ji Zhang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Deep learning methods have traditionally been difficult to apply to compression of hyperspectral images onboard of spacecrafts, due to the large computational complexity needed to achieve adequate representational power, as well as the lack…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-03-27 Diego Valsesia , Tiziano Bianchi , Enrico Magli

Recent work on KV cache quantization, culminating in TurboQuant, has approached the Shannon entropy limit for per-vector compression of transformer key-value caches. We observe that this limit applies to a strictly weaker problem than the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Gregory Magarshak

While LLMs are powerful embedding backbones, their application in training-free settings faces two structural challenges: causal attention restricts early tokens from accessing subsequent context, and the next-token prediction objective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

Sequence-to-sequence tasks often benefit from long contexts, but the quadratic complexity of self-attention in standard Transformers renders this non-trivial. During generation, temporary representations -stored in the so-called KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Vivek Chari , Guanghui Qin , Benjamin Van Durme

To deploy LLMs on resource-contained platforms such as mobile robots and smartphones, non-transformers LLMs have achieved major breakthroughs. Recently, a novel RNN-based LLM family, Repentance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) has shown strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Wonkyo Choe , Yangfeng Ji , Felix Xiaozhu Lin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

Autoregressive language models rely on a Key-Value (KV) Cache, which avoids re-computing past hidden states during generation, making it faster. As model sizes and context lengths grow, the KV Cache becomes a significant memory bottleneck,…

We introduce KV-Fold, a simple, training-free long-context inference protocol that treats the key-value (KV) cache as the accumulator in a left fold over sequence chunks. At each step, the model processes the next chunk conditioned on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Alireza Nadali , Patrick Cooper , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez