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In-context learning (ICL) is a new paradigm for natural language processing that utilizes Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-like models. This approach uses prompts that include in-context demonstrations to generate the corresponding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Momin Abbas , Yi Zhou , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Horst Samulowitz , Theodoros Salonidis , Tianyi Chen

The ability to accurately comprehend natural language instructions and navigate to the target location is essential for an embodied agent. Such agents are typically required to execute user instructions in an online manner, leading us to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Junyu Gao , Xuan Yao , Changsheng Xu

Image recognition has recently witnessed a paradigm shift, where vision-language models are now used to perform few-shot classification based on textual prompts. Among these, the CLIP model has shown remarkable capabilities for zero-shot…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-27 Lorenzo Agnolucci , Alberto Baldrati , Francesco Todino , Federico Becattini , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved impressive zero-shot recognition performance but remain highly susceptible to adversarial perturbations, posing significant risks in safety-critical scenarios. Previous…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zhiwei Li , Yitian Pang , Weining Wang , Zhenan Sun , Qi Li

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods, which generally rely on the model's predictions (e.g., entropy minimization) to adapt the source pretrained model to the unlabeled target domain, suffer from noisy signals originating from 1) incorrect or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Jungsoo Lee , Debasmit Das , Jaegul Choo , Sungha Choi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the zero-shot robustness under distribution shifts by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. Despite notable advances, several challenges still limit its broader applicability. First, most…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Youjia Zhang , Youngeun Kim , Young-Geun Choi , Hongyeob Kim , Huiling Liu , Sungeun Hong

Vision-language temporal alignment is a crucial capability for human dynamic recognition and cognition in real-world scenarios. While existing research focuses on capturing vision-language relevance, it faces limitations due to biased…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Hao Du , Bo Wu , Yan Lu , Zhendong Mao

Test-time adaptation (TTA) updates models during inference to reduce error on distribution shifts. While entropy minimization over the output distribution has proven effective as a TTA loss, we study using the intermediate distributions…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Yash Mali , Evan Shelhamer

CLIP achieves strong zero-shot image-text retrieval by aligning global vision and text representations, yet it falls behind on fine-grained tasks even when fine-tuned on long, detailed captions. In this work, we propose $\beta$-CLIP, a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Fatimah Zohra , Chen Zhao , Hani Itani , Bernard Ghanem

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt the source model to continually changing unlabeled target domains without access to the source data. Existing methods mainly focus on model-based adaptation in a self-training manner, such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-02-14 Yulu Gan , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Xianzheng Ma , Renrui Zhang , Nian Shi , Lin Luo

3D Vision-Language Foundation Models (VLFMs) have shown strong generalization and zero-shot recognition capabilities in open-world point cloud processing tasks. However, these models often underperform in practical scenarios where data are…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Mehran Tamjidi , Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Mohammadreza Alimoradijazi , Ali Cheraghian , Aijun An , Morteza Saberi

Large pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have shown unprecedented zero-shot performance across a wide range of tasks. Nevertheless, these models may be unreliable under distributional shifts, as their performance is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Shambhavi Mishra , Julio Silva-Rodriguez , Ismail Ben Ayed , Marco Pedersoli , Jose Dolz

It is generally believed that robust training of extremely large networks is critical to their success in real-world applications. However, when taken to the extreme, methods that promote robustness can hurt the model's sensitivity to rare…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-21 Seungyeon Kim , Daniel Glasner , Srikumar Ramalingam , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kishore Papineni , Sanjiv Kumar

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a viable solution to adapt pre-trained models to domain shifts using unlabeled test data. However, TTA faces challenges of adaptation failures due to its reliance on blind adaptation to unknown test…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained significant popularity as foundation models, with numerous fine-tuning methods developed to enhance performance on downstream tasks. However, due to their inherent vulnerability and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Zilei Wang , Ran He

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adjusting the model during the testing phase to cope with changes in sample distribution and enhance the model's adaptability to new environments. In real-world scenarios, models often encounter samples…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ziqiong Liu , Yushun Tang , Junyang Ji , Zhihai He

Test-Time Optimization enables models to adapt to new data during inference by updating parameters on-the-fly. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have explored learning prompts at test time to improve performance in downstream…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Dhruv Sarkar , Aprameyo Chakrabartty , Bibhudatta Bhanja

Test time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt deep neural networks when receiving out of distribution test domain samples. In this setting, the model can only access online unlabeled test samples and pre-trained models on the training domains.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Shuai Wang , Daoan Zhang , Zipei Yan , Jianguo Zhang , Rui Li