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Test-time scaling methods have seen a rapid increase in popularity for its computational efficiency and parameter-independent training to improve reasoning performance on Large Language Models. One such method is called budget forcing, a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Ravindra Aribowo Tarunokusumo , Rafael Fernandes Cunha

Recent reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable problem-solving abilities but often generate long thinking traces whose utility is unclear. Our work aims to improve their efficiency, enabling them to reach high…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Xiang Liu , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu , Eunsol Choi

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance on complex tasks by engaging in extended reasoning before producing final answers, yet this strength introduces the risk of overthinking, where excessive token generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Shu Yang , Junchao Wu , Xuansheng Wu , Derek Wong , Ninhao Liu , Di Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) based listwise ranking has shown superior performance in many passage ranking tasks. With the development of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), many studies have demonstrated that step-by-step reasoning during…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Weiwei Sun , Yutao Zhu , Yuchen Li , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

This survey explores recent advancements in reasoning large language models (LLMs) designed to mimic "slow thinking" - a reasoning process inspired by human cognition, as described in Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow. These models, like…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Qianjun Pan , Wenkai Ji , Yuyang Ding , Junsong Li , Shilian Chen , Junyi Wang , Jie Zhou , Qin Chen , Min Zhang , Yulan Wu , Liang He

Addressing the complexity of comprehensive information retrieval, this study introduces an innovative, iterative retrieval-augmented generation system. Our approach uniquely integrates a vector-space driven re-ranking mechanism with…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-01-04 Arash Shahmansoori

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged increased test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities, a strategy that, while effective, incurs significant latency and resource costs, limiting their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Hao Wen , Xinrui Wu , Yi Sun , Feifei Zhang , Liye Chen , Jie Wang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large Vision-Language Models excel at multimodal understanding but struggle to deeply integrate visual information into their predominantly text-based reasoning processes, a key challenge in mirroring human cognition. To address this, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ziwei Zheng , Michael Yang , Jack Hong , Chenxiao Zhao , Guohai Xu , Le Yang , Chao Shen , Xing Yu

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

We introduce Phi-4-reasoning, a 14-billion parameter reasoning model that achieves strong performance on complex reasoning tasks. Trained via supervised fine-tuning of Phi-4 on carefully curated set of "teachable" prompts-selected for the…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially when combined with reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training methods. While longer reasoning traces can improve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Ming Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Large reasoning models (LRMs) aim to solve diverse and complex problems through structured reasoning. Recent advances in group-based policy optimization methods have shown promise in enabling stable advantage estimation without reliance on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Zhizheng Jiang , Kang Zhao , Weikai Xu , Xinkui Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Shuo Shang , Peng Han

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

In this report, we present the third technical report on the development of slow-thinking models as part of the STILL project. As the technical pathway becomes clearer, scaling RL training has become a central technique for implementing…

Reinforcement learning has become a powerful approach for enhancing large language model reasoning, but faces a fundamental dilemma: training on easy problems can cause overfitting and pass@k degradation, while training on hard problems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Yangyi Fang , Jiaye Lin , Xiaoliang Fu , Cong Qin , Haolin Shi

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) extends LLM capabilities by leveraging external environments. However, existing methods lack the deliberation during sequential tool invocation required for strategic planning and self-correction. While RL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yang He , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Yufei Zhang , Kai Xiong , Zhouhao Sun , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Reinforcement learning-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most rely only on final-answer rewards, overlooking intermediate reasoning quality. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jie He , Victor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), the excessive length of reasoning tokens increases latency and KV cache memory usage, and may even truncate final answers under context limits. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Gengyang Li , Yifeng Gao , Yuming Li , Yunfang Wu

Being prompted to engage in reasoning has emerged as a core technique for using large language models (LLMs), deploying additional inference-time compute to improve task performance. However, as LLMs increase in both size and adoption,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 C. Nicolò De Sabbata , Theodore R. Sumers , Badr AlKhamissi , Antoine Bosselut , Thomas L. Griffiths

Self-improvement training enables the large reasoning models (LRMs) to improve themselves by self-generating reasoning trajectories as training data without external supervision. However, we find that this method often falls short in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao