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Recent large language models (LLMs) are rapidly extending their context windows, yet inference throughput lags due to increasing GPU memory and bandwidth demands. This is because the key-value (KV) cache, an intermediate structure storing…

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism remains a fundamental barrier to scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) to longer contexts, creating a critical bottleneck in both computation and memory. To address this, we introduce AQUA…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Santhosh G S , Saurav Prakash , Balaraman Ravindran

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but suffer from apparent precision loss, reframed here as information spreading. This reframing shifts the problem from computational precision to an information-theoretic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Christopher James Augeri

Long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant memory bottlenecks during inference due to the linear growth of key-value (KV) cache with sequence length. While individual optimization techniques like KV cache quantization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Sai Gokhale , Devleena Das , Rajeev Patwari , Ashish Sirasao , Elliott Delaye

Integrating quantum circuits into deep learning pipelines remains challenging due to heuristic design limitations. We propose Q-DIVER, a hybrid framework combining a large-scale pretrained EEG encoder (DIVER-1) with a differentiable quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-31 Junghoon Justin Park , Yeonghyeon Park , Jiook Cha

Post-training quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging. In this work, we introduce Low-rank Quantization Error Reduction (LQER), which combines quantization and low-rank approximation to recover the model capability. LQER…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Cheng Zhang , Jianyi Cheng , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

This work proposes QNet, a novel sequence encoder model that entirely inferences on the quantum computer using a minimum number of qubits. Let $n$ and $d$ represent the length of the sequence and the embedding size, respectively. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-29 Wei Day , Hao-Sheng Chen , Min-Te Sun

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Pre-trained transformer large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong knowledge recall capabilities. This paper investigates the knowledge recall mechanism in LLMs by abstracting it into a functional structure. We propose that during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Zijian Wang , Chang Xu

Despite the advantageous subquadratic complexity of modern recurrent deep learning models -- such as state-space models (SSMs) -- recent studies have highlighted their potential shortcomings compared to transformers on reasoning and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto

Sustaining long-term interactions remains a bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs), as their limited context windows struggle to manage dialogue histories that extend over time. Existing memory systems often treat interactions as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Yiming Shu , Pei Liu , Tiange Zhang , Ruiyang Gao , Jun Ma , Chen Sun

Scalable characterization of quantum processors is crucial for mitigating noise and imperfections. While randomized measurement protocols enable efficient access to local observables, inferring a globally consistent description of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Zidu Liu , Dominik S. Wild

We introduce complex-valued tensor network models for sequence processing motivated by correspondence to probabilistic graphical models, interpretability and resource compression. Inductive bias is introduced to our models via network…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-08-16 Carys Harvey , Richie Yeung , Konstantinos Meichanetzidis

We propose a method to enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating quantum computing and quantum-inspired techniques. Specifically, our approach involves replacing the weight matrices in the Self-Attention and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-24 Borja Aizpurua , Saeed S. Jahromi , Sukhbinder Singh , Roman Orus

Key-value (KV) caching plays an essential role in accelerating decoding for transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, the amount of memory required to store the KV cache can become prohibitive at long sequence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 William Brandon , Mayank Mishra , Aniruddha Nrusimha , Rameswar Panda , Jonathan Ragan Kelly

Current mainstream post-training quantization methods for large language models typically apply a uniform quantization strategy across all network layers, overlooking the substantial differences in algorithmic suitability among layers. To…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Daning Chen , JunSun , Zicheng Yan

Large language models are typically controlled via prompts, which must be repeatedly re-processed for every new query and are difficult to reuse modularly. We introduce TokMem, a procedural memory framework that compiles each reusable task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Zijun Wu , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

Transformer-based large models excel in natural language processing and computer vision, but face severe computational inefficiencies due to the self-attention's quadratic complexity with input tokens. Recently, researchers have proposed a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Haojie Ouyang , Jianwei Lv , Lei Ren , Chen Wei , Xiaojie Wang , Fangxiang Feng

Reservoir computing leverages rich, non-linear dynamics to process temporal data. Quantum variants promise enhanced expressivity from high-dimensional Hilbert spaces, yet their practical applicability is hindered by hardware noise and…