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In Reinforcement Learning the Q-learning algorithm provably converges to the optimal solution. However, as others have demonstrated, Q-learning can also overestimate the values and thereby spend too long exploring unhelpful states. Double…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-16 David Barber

This paper is concerned with the asynchronous form of Q-learning, which applies a stochastic approximation scheme to Markovian data samples. Motivated by the recent advances in offline reinforcement learning, we develop an algorithmic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-15 Yuling Yan , Gen Li , Yuxin Chen , Jianqing Fan

Q-value iteration (Q-VI) is usually analyzed through the \(\gamma\)-contraction of the Bellman operator. This argument proves convergence to \(Q^*\), but it gives only a coarse account of when the induced greedy policy becomes optimal. We…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-05-06 Donghwan Lee

The QLBS model is a discrete-time option hedging and pricing model that is based on Dynamic Programming (DP) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). It combines the famous Q-Learning method for RL with the Black-Scholes (-Merton) model's idea of…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2018-01-19 Igor Halperin

We study both the value function and Q-function formulation of the Linear Programming approach to Approximate Dynamic Programming. The approach is model-based and optimizes over a restricted function space to approximate the value function…

系统与控制 · 计算机科学 2018-08-31 Paul N. Beuchat , Angelos Georghiou , John Lygeros

Reinforcement learning has traditionally been studied with exponential discounting or the average reward setup, mainly due to their mathematical tractability. However, such frameworks fall short of accurately capturing human behavior, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-18 S. R. Eshwar , Mayank Motwani , Nibedita Roy , Gugan Thoppe

A primary requirement for any reinforcement learning method is that it should produce policies that improve upon the initial guess. In this work, we show that the widely used Deep Q-Network (DQN) fails to satisfy this minimal criterion --…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Aditya Gopalan , Gugan Thoppe

Fitted $Q$-evaluation (FQE) is a standard regression-based tool for off-policy evaluation, but existing stability guarantees often rely on Bellman completeness, a strong closure condition that can fail under function approximation. We study…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-11 Lars van der Laan , Nathan Kallus

Consider a Markov decision process (MDP) that admits a set of state-action features, which can linearly express the process's probabilistic transition model. We propose a parametric Q-learning algorithm that finds an approximate-optimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-07 Lin F. Yang , Mengdi Wang

Q-learning is a popular Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm which is widely used in practice with function approximation (Mnih et al., 2015). In contrast, existing theoretical results are pessimistic about Q-learning. For example, (Baird,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-20 Naman Agarwal , Syomantak Chaudhuri , Prateek Jain , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Praneeth Netrapalli

The Bellman equation and its continuous-time counterpart, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, serve as necessary conditions for optimality in reinforcement learning and optimal control. While the value function is known to be the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Haoxiang You , Lekan Molu , Ian Abraham

In this paper, we derive rates of convergence in the high-dimensional central limit theorem for Polyak--Ruppert averaged iterates generated by entropy-regularized asynchronous Q-learning with linear function approximation and a polynomial…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-19 Artemy Rubtsov , Rahul Singh , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov

Stability issues with reinforcement learning methods persist. To better understand some of these stability and convergence issues involving deep reinforcement learning methods, we examine a simple linear quadratic example. We interpret the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Lingyi Yang

In reinforcement learning (RL), Q-learning is a fundamental algorithm whose convergence is guaranteed in the tabular setting. However, this convergence guarantee does not hold under linear function approximation. To overcome this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Hyukjun Yang , Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy learning from fixed datasets without further environment interaction, making it particularly valuable in high-risk or costly domains. Extreme $Q$-Learning (XQL) is a recent offline RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Xinming Gao , Shangzhe Li , Yujin Cai , Wenwu Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) for exponential-utility optimization in discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) lacks principled value-based algorithms. We address this gap in the fixed risk-aversion setting. Building on the Bellman-type…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Gugan Thoppe , L. A. Prashanth , Ankur Naskar , Sanjay Bhat

Recently, a new multi-step temporal learning algorithm, called $Q(\sigma)$, unifies $n$-step Tree-Backup (when $\sigma=0$) and $n$-step Sarsa (when $\sigma=1$) by introducing a sampling parameter $\sigma$. However, similar to other…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-02-12 Long Yang , Minhao Shi , Qian Zheng , Wenjia Meng , Gang Pan

In this work, we take a fresh look at some old and new algorithms for off-policy, return-based reinforcement learning. Expressing these in a common form, we derive a novel algorithm, Retrace($\lambda$), with three desired properties: (1) it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-11-09 Rémi Munos , Tom Stepleton , Anna Harutyunyan , Marc G. Bellemare

There has been growing progress on theoretical analyses for provably efficient learning in MDPs with linear function approximation, but much of the existing work has made strong assumptions to enable exploration by conventional exploration…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-23 Andrea Zanette , Alessandro Lazaric , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Emma Brunskill

We present a distributional approach to theoretical analyses of reinforcement learning algorithms for constant step-sizes. We demonstrate its effectiveness by presenting simple and unified proofs of convergence for a variety of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-30 Philip Amortila , Doina Precup , Prakash Panangaden , Marc G. Bellemare